Trade between Europe and Asia had to go through the Mediterranean, which was controlled by Italian city-states. The Casta system was a racial hierarchy created for the Spanish to maintain power. After him (not directly) Aurangzeb forbade Hindus and and reversed Akbar's policies. Why does it have these characteristics? Empires took people for slaves and traded their goods for wealth. Because of this, economic development in Africa was stalled for centuries and these regions were left vulnerable to the imperial conquest of Europeans. Describe the Safavid Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Safavid Empire was located in modern-day Iran. On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. After the tumultuous years of the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Yuan dynasty, it was also a time of relative peace and prosperity in China. It was also a multicultural state, with Han Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, and other ethnic groups living there. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. It was significant because it was the best ship for sea trade. What were the impacts the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West Africa? Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. These regions did not have a history of state sponsorship of naval activity; for example, merchants may have done most of the overseas trading. His family ruled for 300 years & were the last czars of Russia. By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. The tsar wielded absolute power in this autocracy. The Ming dynasty saw the completion of the Great Wall of China and the construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing, as well as the development of a thriving economy based on agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. The Columbian Exchange was started by Christopher Columbus and it traded luxury goods around the globe. Were very wealthy, powerful and diverse. The Ottoman Empire was a Muslim empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa from the late 13th to the early 20th century. Without any bloodshed, William and Mary II pressured James II into exile and took the throne. States utilized the economic, political and military contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. Negative - disease, environmental issues, more money being spent to fix the issues. The Inca Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its sophisticated system of government and administration. The Songhai Empire was a major regional power in West Africa and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the region. Why does it have these characteristics? 1. The Dynasty produced thriving trade and sea trade. The term land-based empire--as it explicitly applies to AP World History--refers to empires which existed during the period 1450-1750. Qing portraits of emperors and high officials meant to impress. Legitimizing Power 4. Explain the first global economy embodied by the trade in silver. \hline The Mexica were a Native American civilization that existed from the 14th to the 16th centuries in central Mexico. The Spanish also established a fort at St. Augustine in present-day Florida. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. Why did they enact these policies? Within the military, the. Silver and gold, columbian exchange, plantation farming. Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. These things brought them great wealth. \text { Within } \\ In the twentieth century, the British Empire began to decline. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. Networks of exchange majorly increased as trade became more and more important and caused empires to grow in wealth. Focused on logic rather than just faith (medicine). The Tokugawa Shogunate implemented a number of policies that had a lasting impact on Japan, including the sakoku policy, which isolated Japan from the rest of the world and restricted foreign trade and contact. What methods of "legitimization" and "consolidation" of power were used by Malian and Ottoman rulers? Eurasian empires had all gained access to gunpowder based weapons. US military The Spanish had the purpose of exploiting gold and providing it as a population outlet. These measures included Japan's isolation and strict trade regulations. The Asante benefited from participation in the trading networks as they got slaves, gold, ivory, and kola nuts. Ultimately, the exchange of new food staples increased the population of Africa, but in parts of West Africa, the population suffered as people were taken. It was enormous and beautiful. How did European monarchs use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? The Protestant Reformation in Europe challenged what was seen as corrupt practices of the Catholic Church. Describe European trading posts in Africa. As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. The name of the paintin After studying on your own, invite some friends to a, The Ming and Qing Dynasty in modern China, The Mughal Empire in modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, The Safavid Empire in modern Iran and Iraq, The Ottoman Empire (some parts of the Ottoman Empire were in Europe) in modern Turkey, Egypt, Syria and Jordan, Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica, for the dominant cultural group within the empire). , r to the interactive in the lesson for information on each group.) It was also known for its impressive architectural achievements, such as the construction of roads, aqueducts, and terraced agriculture. During the Safavid Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and painting, flourished. Improved commercial practices led to trade to expand and expand the range of existing trade routes. It was founded by Ismail I, who established the Safavid Dynasty and declared Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. Santeria - West African faith + Roman Catholicism. decide a president, Where did early Christians meet, hide, and bury their dead to avoid detection and persecution? The Spanish conquered the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, bringing an end to the Aztec Empire. The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. The conquest of the Middle East, North Africa and SE Europe. It was also known for having an advanced government system that included a well-organized bureaucracy and a highly centralized administration. In the period 1450-1750, both European and Asian powers expanded their reach and created large empires across the world. Europeans were primarily motivated by money, religion, rivalry, and conquest. During the Aztec Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Describe European maritime empires: Dutch. The movement of goods and people had regional consequences. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. West Religion (ex: European notion of divine right, Songhai promotion of Islam) Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. European monarchs were also patrons of artists for the same reason. How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? 3. What were the characteristics of the Safavid Empire? \hline & & & & & & \\ Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, started the Ghazi model for warriors. Describe the difference between the trading-post empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and the colonies they established in the New World. Some people have argued "to the victors belong the spoils [riches] of the enemy." Mountain men in synagogues near the walls of Rome, This group of people originally settled Oregon and helped to establish many of the trails west. It was founded by the Songhai people, a group of people who lived in what is now Niger and Mali. Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. Triangular ships adopted by the Arabs, astrolabe which was created from the Muslims, the caravel created by the Portuguese, and the magnifying glass from the Chinese are all technological diffusions are all important developments and innovations. Methods used by rulers to hold onto power in their empires? How did the Mughal Empire expand their empire? William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. The Russian nobility, known as. Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. The Han Chinese established the Ming dynasty after overthrowing the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and establishing a new government in China. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai), After kicking out the Mongols, Russians reclaimed their land, Ivan IV started to expand until they reached the Pacific Ocean, Ottomans enslaved young Christian boys from Southeastern Europe and converted them to Islam, worked for the Ottoman government, a local official in Mughal India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government, Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god (popular in European monarchies), A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject, A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. Back in England, things were getting complicated. How did social hierarchies change in this time? Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. The monarchy was restored in France and the territory of the empire was gradually reduced through a series of treaties. They had numerous canals, causeways, and bridges and central walled area with palaces and temples. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. Describe the impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Eastern Hemisphere (Old World). I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. TheFrenchEmpirewasdistinguishedbyapowerfulcentralizedgovernmentandavastnetworkoftradeandcolonization. What factors caused the Columbian Exchange? Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. French King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles. The Safavids were Twelver Shia Muslims who made Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. The French Empire, also known as the Napoleonic Empire, was a French state that ruled over a large territory that included parts of Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the early 19th to the mid-19th century. The Tokugawa Shogunate, also known as the Edo period, was a period in Japanese history that lasted from 1603 to 1868. The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. How did the Ottoman Empire (c. 1300-1922), in Middle East & Southern Europe centralize their bureaucracies? Many cotton and sugar plantations enslaved Africans. The Ottoman, Mughal and Russian empires conquered other lands from 1450-1750 and either proliferated a certain religion or they instituted a religious tolerance policy within their empires. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. During the Inca Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. From the 15th to the early 20th centuries, the Portuguese Empire ruled over a significant portion of the world. SUMMARYGroupsColumn1Column2Column3Column4SourceofVariationBetweenGroupsWithinGroupsTotalCount10101010Ss2997.112314.715311.82Average349348366365df33639MS999.0464.30F15.54p-value1.2E06Fcrit2.866. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. Fromthe16thtotheearly20thcenturies,theFrenchEmpirewas centered in France and ruled over the majority of the world. Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. The land gained was a part of the European country and as such, the European countries would take the raw materials for their benefit. Missionaries The colonists defeated the Natives after 14 months of bloody rebellion. Tokugawa, 1868. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. The French Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of law, administration, and education, as many of the institutions and systems that were developed during this time continue to influence these fields today.

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