Our platform features short, highly produced videos of HBS faculty and guest business experts, interactive graphs and exercises, cold calls to keep you engaged, and opportunities to contribute to a vibrant online community. According to Fiedler, the effectiveness of leaders is dependent on: According to Fiedler's leadership research, high LPC (relationship-oriented) leaders are most successful in situations where: leader-member relations are poor, the task is unstructured, and position power is weak, leader-member relations are poor, the task is structured, and position power is strong, leader-member relations are good, the task is unstructured, and position power is weak, leader-member relations are good, the task is structured, and position power is weak. In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the ____ variables include the task itself and differences among individual members. This means [you] need to understand the types of resources people value when it comes to achieving safety and self-esteem, says Harvard Business School Professor Julie Battilana in her course Power and Influence for Positive Impact. Trait studies have identified physical attributes as being more important to leadership than personality or leader abilities such as intelligence. meaning of the message. The path-goal theory of leader effectiveness focuses on members and their personal attributes. The [a] is the rules and procedure laid down; other organizational practices serve to determine the need for and the effects of a leader's behavior. One of the most important aspects of leadership is demonstrating integrity. T or F: Situational favorableness in the contingency model of leadership is defined by leader-member relations, task structure, and power position of the leader. [a] reflects the authority invested in the leader's position and the degree of control he or she has over rewards and sanctions. The behavioral approach to leadership stems from a need for the deeper understanding of the traits that all quality leaders share. creates a happy, comfortable work environment. According to the contingency theory developed by Fiedler, what is the most appropriate action where it is found there is a misfit between the leader and the situation? By acting decisively, continuously evaluating, and pivoting when necessary, you can lead your organization through the ever-changing business landscape. [a] is defined as leader behavior that reflects a leader's concern for clarifying the roles for both the leader and the organization's members, as well as a concern for effective performance of the group's tasks. Self-efficacy is one of the main components of self-esteem. T or F? Adaptive-reactive theory argues that the organizational system has an impact on both the leader and members and therefore must be treated as equal classes of contingency variables. Josh should. Which of the following is a current strategy used to retain employees? Encourage community-building in the workplace. Findings on traits as a basis for explaining leader effectiveness are neither strong nor uniform. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. ____ refers to a reward given by another person. Situational favorableness using Fiedler's model consists of which three dimensions? Written English proficiency should suffice. Leaders with low emotional intelligence dont necessarily make poor decisions or lose their effectiveness. Experimentation is critical to establishing and maintaining your companys competitive advantage. Your browser either does not support scripting or you have turned scripting off. All of the following are essential parts of any definition of leadership EXCEPT influence and people only. He should try. A ____ is a group of employees from different departments formed to deal with a specific activity and Which of the following are high-level needs, according to Herzberg, and include achievement, existing only until the task is completed. The skills of ____ require receiving messages to accurately grasp facts and feelings to interpret the Early in your career, you might exercise authority by being the go-to person on a certain subject within your . Serve group members by helping them achieve their goals. The ____ ___ is the rules and procedure laid down; other organizational practices serve to determine the need for and the effects of a leader's behavior. e. nurtures. Which of the following is NOT one of the leader behavior styles one can choose from when using the path- goal theory of leader effectiveness? After submitting your application, you should receive an email confirmation from HBS Online. Making ample use of true stories would be the ________ effective way to develop charisma, while keeping emotions under tight control would be the _________. The major contribution of McClelland and his associates to research on managerial motivation was in showing that the needs for ___, ____, ____ have specific relevance to the organizational context. Leadership is most necessary when there is a lack of motivation in the organizational context in which the members operate. The majority of people think about making decisions as an event, says HBS Professor Len Schlesinger in the online course Management Essentials. Acquiring very focused and narrow experience. Initiating structure 2. exerts just enough effort to avoid being fired. Fiedler's contingency model's primary focus was on the [a]. Which approach to leadership was Beagle using? Harvard Business School Online's Business Insights Blog provides the career insights you need to achieve your goals and gain confidence in your business skills. CHAPTER 32 YOOST FRANKLIN SUGGESTED STRESS AN, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Gain new insights and knowledge from leading faculty and industry experts. increasing task complexity. Which approach to leadership was Beagle using? Manage your account, applications, and payments. Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory of leadership includes two sets of variables in the organizational system: (a)[a] and (b) [b]. Which of the following refers to a unit of two or more people who interact and coordinate their work It was originally published on October 4, 2018. Which of the following is not one of those categories? asks questions, summarizes, and listens to central themes. No, Harvard Business School Online offers business certificate programs. In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the ____ variables include unit size, level of technology, and formal structure of the organization. What were really talking about is a process. The culmination of these factors can help you build a successful team. ____ ____ reflects the degree to which the leader is concerned with the technical aspects of the job. The path-goal theory assumes that leaders: adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers, adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the environment in which they work, structure the situation so as to best fit their leader style, adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the work environment and followers. Situational favorableness in the contingency model of leadership is defined by leader-member relations, task structure, and power position of the leader. T or F: All definitions of leadership emphasize that it is an intellectual process aimed at instigating members. Initiating structure is defined as leader behavior that reflects the leader's concern for the organization's members. A weekly meeting to discuss general organizational goals and familiarity with new services that the organization will be offering is an example of which of the following? According to research from Gallup, 24 percent of employees are actively disengaged as a result of poor management, leading to teams that are less productive, less profitable, and more likely to cause turnover. The key situational variable of the Hersey-Blanchard leadership model is: In the Hersey-Blanchard leadership model, the leadership style most appropriate with very mature followers is: The telling style of leadership in the Hersey-Blanchard leadership model entails: consideration and low concern for the task, low concern of relationships and strong initiating structure, low relationship concern for task and employees. According to Fiedler, the three elements in a situation that affect its favorableness are: 1. leader-member relation 2. task structure 3. power position of the leader. The majority of hourly workers at Formatting Unlimited are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. The ability to balance power and accountability can set successful leaders apart from ineffective ones. T or F? in his department. [a] reflects the concern of the leader for the welfare of the members and for a warm and friendly environment in the workplace. Which of the following theories assumes that leadership style is not a stable disposition and may be changed? Larry is looking for ways to increase the number of different tasks that an employee performs without Our easy online application is free, and no special documentation is required. When looking at physical attributes, height has been the indicator a leader attribute with universal generalizability. Although she is not the manager, everyone in Mayen's department looks to her for leadership. While timely decision-making is essential for any effective leader, its important to remember that decision-making is a process. T or F? Which of the following theories assumes that leadership style is not a stable disposition and may be charged? [a] is the behavioral process of influencing individuals or groups toward set goals. While most people gain emotional intelligence as they age, everyone starts with the same amount. words. Contingency theories of leadership, in determining appropriate leader behavior and style, focus strongly on: the importance and characteristics of the situation as well as particular traits. McClelland's major contribution to research on [a] was to show that the needs for affiliation, achievement, and power have specific relevance to organizational context. Which of the following is the first stage of team development? When considering the type of leadership style exhibited according to the behavioral theories, which of the following is most accurate? After all, big breakthroughs dont happen when companies play it safe; experimentation is needed to reach lofty business goals. Which of the following comprises the lowest channel richness? T or F: The behavioral approach to leadership stems from a need for the deeper understanding of the traits that all quality leaders share. The most important postulate of Osborn and Hunt's (1975) theory is that the reactive behaviors reflect the [a] exercised by the leader. Recently, Beagle Boutique was attempting to hire a middle manager. EXCEPT: Which of these is the richest medium for communication? If a person has high self-efficacy he or she is likely to. Osborn and Hunt (1975) dichotomized leader behavior into [a] and [b] behavior. Although there isnt a single right way to effectively lead a team, there are several characteristics common among successful leaders and managers you should consider when developing your leadership skills. All theorists believe personality, rather than situational constraints or behavior preferred by members, is the most influential factor in determining the actual behavior of a leader. Every decision you make wont result in success. Being so self-confident they believe they can handle anything. According to the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model, all of the following are possible appropriate decision-making strategies except: The Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model helps leaders and managers know: when to change the decision situation or style of the leader, how to identify what leadership style is most appropriate through the administration of the LBDQ, when to have employees participate in the decision-making process, how to focus on task characteristics, leader-member relations, or the position power of the leader. T or F: According to McClelland, the manager who wants to influence an organization's members to perform well in their jobs should include those members in making decisions that affect themselves and their jobs. Fiedler's research showed that task-oriented leaders were more effective in situations that were very ___, or very ____ in favorableness. All of the following are common dysfunctions of teams EXCEPT: A(n) ____ is a person who benefits from team membership but does not make a proportionate The four dimensions of leader behavior are: (a) [a], (b) [b], (c) [c], and (d) [d]. All leaders are engaged in making decisions about critical issues. " [Leadership] is all about influencing people," said Kirstin Lynde, founder of leadership development firm Catalyze Associates, in a Facebook Live interview. All of the following are traits and characteristics of effective leaders except. The new mission was to get his team of 28 men home alive. This is an example of which socioemotional role behavior? T or F? Its an iterative process and requires you to assess your strengths and evaluate who you are as a communicator and collaborator. Trait theory studies have tended to conclude that there are strong implications for training and development rather then selection. We accept payments via credit card, wire transfer, Western Union, and (when available) bank loan. Situational favorableness reflects the degree to which the situation permits or facilitates the exercise of influence by the members. recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth? Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid identifies the country club manager as someone who: exerts minimal effort to get the work done, conforms to requirements and applies considerable pressure on employees to perform, creates a pleasing, happy work environment and applies minimal supervision. Remove the leader and replace him/her with someone that will result in a fit. is very different than transformational leadership, becomes a very effective leadership approach when combined with personalized power motivation, has great potential for high levels of achievement but also risks of destructive courses of action. Download our free leadership e-book and explore our flowchart to see which online leadership and management course can help you become a more effective leader and unleash the potential in yourself and others. [a] is leader behavior that serves to clarify for members what is expected. The most powerful way to build self-confidence is. Effective virtual team leaders use technology to build relationships through all of the following ways To bounce back from setbacks and embarrassments you must. With that shift in mind, you can take action to develop your leadership style and become the type of leader your organization needs. But what got you there wont get you to the next level. Level 4 The leader who stimulates high standards and champions dedication to vision is a _____ leader Personal power The early research on leadership traits was referred to as the: great man approach. Feel that he or she lacks the skills necessary to carry out a specific task. Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people. (D) exhausted. The positive face of charismatic leadership is most strongly associated with: The ability of a leader to create a vision and convince others to become a part of it, even skeptics, is known as: the positive use of selling as reflected in the Situational Leadership Model. Characteristics of an Effective Leader. Incorporating these abilities into your professional development can enable you to make difficult decisions, align your organization on common goals, and lead your team to success. Bernstein encourages balancing transparency with privacy and setting different types of boundaries to still foster experimentation and collaboration. The receiver ____ the symbols to interpret the meaning of the message. Fiedler's research showed that task-oriented leaders were more effective in situations that were very [a] or very [b] in favorableness. Situational characteristics are not important because the leader's style does not vary over different situations. There are no live interactions during the course that requires the learner to speak English. The leadership approach which recognizes that leaders may form different relationships with followers is: The basic idea behind leader-member exchange theory is: followership is based on member perceptions of equity, leaders form two groups of followers (in-groups and out-groups), leaders develop relationships with followers based on the principle of who does what and how much for whom, that followership depends on the degree that a task is satisfying. Hearing others tell you how good you are. Expect their group members to serve them. They also help others cope with organizational change and address issues quickly, so that problems dont fester and escalate. According to John Kotter, leadership (in contrast to management) entails: Which of the following is NOT one of the leadership theory categorization factors? The desire to do something better or more efficiently than it has been done before is an example of which of the following? We offer self-paced programs (with weekly deadlines) on the HBS Online course platform. According to the definitions of a leader outlined in the text, all of the following are applicable leadership qualities except: Leadership embodies all of the following significant elements except: Yukl and associates proposed twelve leadership behaviors and grouped them into three meta categories. [a] power stems from the liking and admiration other people have for that person. The task and relations oriented behaviors in Yukl's research are similar to which of the following in the Ohio State research studies? Constantly monitor leadership orientation through the LPC to detect any change in orientation. Which of the following is NOT a behavior of initiating structure? Theory would say he is motivated by. Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and not endorsed the view that the follower role is an active one with potential for leadership. (C) enthusiastic Which of the following refers to the degree to which the situation permits the exercise of influence by the leader? Ask for a considerable amount of help in determining how to start a difficult project. In a survey by consulting firm Robert Half, 75 percent of employees ranked integrity as the most important attribute of a leader. As a manager using Fiedler's approach to leadership, which of the following interventions would be most effective? The applications vary slightly from program to program, but all ask for some personal background information. In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the [a] variables include unit size, level of technology, and formal structure of the organization. There is no one best leadership style but there are organizational preferences in terms of style. They were looking for an intelligent, confident, and honest individual. All of the following are leadership qualities EXCEPT: The distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader are known as. As you advance, you may exert influence by knowing how to articulate the direction you think the company should head in next. Learn how completing courses can boost your resume and move your career forward. House's path-goal theory of leadership focuses primarily on the _____. T or F: The pat-goal theory of leader effectiveness focuses on members and their personal attributes. T or F? Kotter suggests that leadership and management: involve the alignment of people to the overall direction of the organization through communication, involve the management of major change efforts within the organization, are two distinct, yet complementary systems of action in organizations. Updates to your application and enrollment status will be shown on your Dashboard. According to Fiedler, the three elements in a situation that affect its favorableness are: (a) [a], (b) [b] and (c) [c]. After enrolling in a program, you may request a withdrawal with refund (minus a $100 nonrefundable enrollment fee) up until 24 hours after the start of your program. This post was updated on February 17, 2023. Employees want to know that their manager will advocate for them, treat them fairly, and, ultimately, do whats right for the business. We confirm enrollment eligibility within one week of your application. task demands, role demands, interpersonal demands, physical demands. In Osborn and Hunt's (1975) adaptive-reactive theory, the primary focus is on the [a]. Being observed changes their conduct. Trustworthiness and character. They were looking for an intelligent, active, and creative individual. T or F: Initiating structure is defined as a leader behavior that reflects the leader's concern for the organization's members. House's path-goal theory of leadership focuses primarily on the [a]. Characteristics of a good listener are someone who. Goal emphasis Recent research on LMX theory has revealed the surprising result that: increased communication between the supervisor and in-group members tends to lead to lower performance ratings, decreased communication between the supervisor and out-group members tends to lead to higher performance ratings, there was not any difference between in-group or out-group members on performance ratings when the communication between the supervisor and in/out-group members increased, increased communication between the supervisor and out-group members may to lower performance ratings, inspire and stimulate followers to high performance levels, use reward and punishment to shape employee behavior, rely on contractual arrangements to manage employees.