Emperor Menelik II is one of the most known Ethiopian Kings. Atserk Amen VI 10 5158 342 Emperor of EthiopiaAmda Seyon I is most-famous in his chronicles as a valiant warrior against the Muslims and is often regarded as founder of the Ethiopian state. VIII. XLIV. Create an account to start this course today. This kingdom first appears in historical accounts under the leadership of a ruler named Zoskales, who is believed to have helped turn this city into a mighty kingdom. XI. SOVEREIGNTY OF THE TRIBE OF KAM AFTER THE FALL OF THE TOWER OF BABEL, I. Kam 78 2865 2635 Amen Asro I 30 3859 1641 Makeda 31 4518 982. After the Allied powers formally protested, the Shewan aristocrats met, accused Iyasu of apostasy and subversion, and deposed him on September 27, 1916. Emperor Galawdewos (reigned 1540-59) opted for a hit-and-run strategy and on February 21, 1543, caught Amad in the open near Lake Tana and killed him in action. LI. XXXI. [4] Another tradition, recorded by historian Thomas Pakenham, states that this practice predates the Zagwe dynasty (which ruled from c.900 AD), and was first practiced on Debre Damo, which was captured by the 10th-century queen Yodit or "Gudit", who then isolated 200 princes there to death; however, Pakenham also notes that when questioned, the abbot of the monastery on Debre Damo knew of no such tale. That meant that products going between the Middle East/Mediterranean and India/China passed through Axum. [2] The most notable pre-Solomonic usage of the title "Negusa Nagast" was by Ezana of Axum; despite this, prior to the beginning of the Solomonic Dynasty, most Axumite and Zagwe rulers went by negus. Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because the ascension of Haile Selassie into power quickly followed Marcus Garveys prophecy that says: Look to Africa where a black king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemer.. XXIII. When we talk about the ancient history of Ethiopia (just consult the mapping of the events: Yeha, Axum, Dogali, Adwa, etc ) we refer to the specific history of the plateau of Ethiopia in North regions, that also included the territory today Eritrea (This during colonialism ceded to the Italians first, to the British after, to preserve the kingdom despite resistance) Sera I (Tomai) 26 4570 930 Emperor Menelik II achieved a major military victory against Italian invaders in March 1896 at the Battle of Adwa and conquered the modern borders of Ethiopia. In April 1989, Amha Selassie was proclaimed emperor in exile at London, with his succession backdated to the date of Emperor Haile Selassie's death in August 1975 rather than his deposition in September 1974. The conservative wing of the society had always been a challenge for this emperor. The emperor Tewodros spent his youth fighting with invading Ottoman Egyptians (termed 'Turks' by the Ethiopians), then unifying the empire after the dark age of the 'Zemene Mesafint' (Era of the Princes). I. Mahbara Wedem Most archeologists agree that this region is the birthplace of humanity, based on fossil evidence of our most ancient ancestors. Arkamen II 10 5195 305 The Italians had established themselves along the Red Sea coast, and the governor of the Italian colony of Eritrea, after much intrigue and several minor military skirmishes, risked a major confrontation. XVI. Deposed by nobility with the sanction of the. Due to his vision to unify and modernize Ethiopia, he still is one of the most cherished Ethiopian kings. This is a list of legendary monarchs of Ethiopia, based on a king list provided by Ethiopian prince regent Tafari Makonnen (later known as Emperor Haile Selassie), with reference to multiple Ethiopian traditions and legends.Other Ethiopian king lists are discussed in the Other King Lists section.. Over Ethiopia's long history, multiple kingdoms and states have ruled, with one of the earliest . Its a general fact that the history of ones nation is a part of identity for both the former and the upcoming generation. May this reach my honourable friend Mr. Rey. XXV. (Regent & Heir) 1916 On March 9, 1889, with victory in his grasp, he was shot and killed at Metema. V. Hatosza Bahr Asaged 28 5578 78 Yakob 9 7098 1598 XLVI. He later became the governor of Shewa and an advisor to his nephew, Menelik II, or Sahle Maryam, the emperor of Ethiopia. XXVII. Gedajan 1 6350 850 Susneyos 28 7127 1627 XXI. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Lalibela built ten rock-hewn churches, interconnected through internal passageways. XV. Lidiya is a 24-year-old writer who has been writing since the age of 12. 18 chapters | In order to weaken the emperor, Rome tried to buy Sahle Mariams cooperation with thousands of rifles. Zeenabzamin 58 1524 3976 VI. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Greetings and thanx to the one and only Creator of HOLY MOUNT ZION . Haile Selassie was the last Solomonic monarch to rule Ethiopia. Tsenfa Arad 1 6778 1278 Hakabe Nasohi Tsiyon 6 5631 131 III. Abreha II 7 months XVI. Fere Sanay 23 6103 603 According to the Emperors wishes, Alemayehu came under British care. Sebi III (Kefe) 15 4062 1438 Only when he recognized the nature of his declining health, did Menelik create Ethiopia's first cabinet in 1907. History and many individuals described him as an enigmatic emperor who could act out of the former traditional ways of many kingdoms. L. Sabi IV 10 4474 1026 XIX. Hogeb 100 1971 3529 In 1862 Tewodros offered Britains Queen Victoria an alliance to destroy Islam. XVII. Axum eventually lost its power and was overthrown by the Zagwe dynasty, who ruled between the 10th and 13th centuries. Tsawi Terhak Warada Nagash 49 4819 681 IV. In January 1942, Selassie was officially reinstated to power in Ethiopia. In 1861 he conceived a bold foreign policy to bolster his kingdom and promote his reforms. VIII. XV. Fasilides, also known as Alam Sagad, was a 17th-century emperor of Ethiopia who belonged to the Solomonic dynasty. Amde Tseyon 7 6926 1426 Amey 15 5896 396 The youth in every generation is more interested in their ancestors values, norms, beliefs, perspectives, and intelligence. Vote for Your Favourite Ethiopian Emperors & Kings, (Former Emperor of Ethiopia (1930 - 1936, 1941 - 1974)), (Son of Emperor Tewodros II and Empress Tiruwork Wube of Ethiopia), (Ethiopian Nobleman and Advisor to Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia), (Ethiopian Slave Who Rose to Become the Wazir and De Facto Ruler of Egypt (946 -968)). Upon the emperors death in 1913, Iyasu took power in his own right. XXIX. Later Frumentious traveled to Alexandria to ask the Eastern Orthodox Church to assign a bishop to Aksum. IV. HIM Haile Selassie I 1930-1974. XXXII. Bedl Nafi 1 (6 mo with Andreyas) 6919 1419 IV. Za Israel 1 month 1855 - Kasa becomes Emperor Tewodros II. XL. The male line, through the descendants of Menelik's cousin Dejazmatch Taye Gulilat, still existed, but had been pushed aside largely because of Menelik's personal distaste for this branch of his family. 27 sovereigns of the posterity of Kaleb; 257 in all. XIII. The Ethiopian Birr by Sophonias Woldu | Mar 3, 2023 | Ethiopia, Ethiopian History. XV. Perhaps making Christianity the official religion of the country might be his boldest contribution to the countrys history. As the emperor sought to enhance the national power of Ethiopia, he increasingly took a direct hand in administration and, like the great French monarch, Louis XIV, he identified himself with the state. The Fasil Ghebbi ( Amharic: ) is a fortress located in Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. LIST OF ETHIOPIAN KINGS BY H.I.H TAFARI MAKONEN (EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE I) September 30, 2008 Don Jaide 16 Comments Spread the love LIST OF ETHIOPIAN KINGS by H.I.H. X Serada 16 5621 121 XX. XXIII. Gabra Maskal 14 6037 537 African Origin of the Olympics: The Black Greeks, Moorish Kings of England: King James VI and I of Scotland and England 1566 1625 and his daughter, The Jews, the Hebrews and the Israelites: Not Your Same Old Same Old By Bishop, Black Arab Kuwaitis and White Arabized Kuwaitis, Charlemagne, the Moor and the Negrito Royalty of the Holy Roman Empire Marc Washingtons Perspectives, African Roots of Famous Euro-American Families, JENdA: A Journal of African Women Studies & Culture. XII. During this period Italy carried out a program of public works, concentrating especially on highways and on agricultural and industrial development. During World War I, Iyasu dallied with Islam and with the Central Powers in the hope of regaining Eritrea and freeing himself still further from the dominance of the Shewan aristocrats. XI. Ramenkoperm 14 4457 1043 VII. Susenyos was an adopted child raised by a borena clan. Haile Selassie, served his country, Ethiopia, as its regent from 1916 to 1930 and as its emperor from 1930 to 1974. Azegan Malbagad 7 5707 207 Still, it was soundly defeated by the Ahmed gran troops, the Gelawdious kingdom was able to reinforce its power with the help of additional forces from the Portuguese. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Adimo 1797-99 He made several inquiries to Europe seeking assistance in Technology, but they refused. Aided by rebellious warlords, the British force attacked Tewodros II at Magdala. When Tafari Makonnen became Emperor of Ethiopia as Haile Selassie I, Menen Asfaw was crowned as Empress at his side. Although Yohannes on his deathbed named his son Ras Mengesha as his heir, and begged Ras Alula and his other nobles to support him, within a matter of weeks Menelik II was recognized throughout Ethiopia as the new emperor. Kashta Walda Ahuhu 20 5098 402 LV. XLV. While the surviving records of these kings fail to shed light on their origins, this genealogical claim was first documented in the 10th century by an Arab historian. Only their failure to capture the royal compound at Amba Geshen slowed the Muslims down. I the son from the tribe of Levi hail H.I.M for knowledge and wisdom to be chosen by the most high JAH RASTAFARI as a member of his crew to preserve creation and to shine some light or first light for Dirty Babylon to follow .I am linking from West Africa in Sierra Leone and Guinee respectively. Grand Total, 46 Sovereigns. Menilek II, also spelled Menelik II, original name Sahle Mariam, also spelled Sahle Maryam or Sahle Miriam, (born August 17, 1844, Ankober, Shewa [Shoa], Ethiopiadied December 12, 1913, Addis Ababa), king of Shewa (or Shoa; 186589) and emperor of Ethiopia (18891913). Haile Selassie I, original name Tafari Makonnen, (born July 23, 1892, near Harer, Ethiopiadied August 27, 1975, Addis Ababa), emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 who sought to modernize his country and who steered it into the mainstream of post- World War II African politics. XIX. The Battle of Adwa is a historic event that took place on March 1, 1896, in the town of Adwa, Ethiopia. I. Yekuno Amlak 15 6768 1268 V. Sahle 14 5865 365 VIII. Emperors of Ethiopia The West African nation of Ethiopia has a distinguished history. Hanyon I 4544 956 The title "King of Kings", often rendered imprecisely in English as "emperor", dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, but was used in Axum by King Sembrouthes (c. 250 AD). Safeliya Abramen 20 5391 109 XXI. There were few men who did not believe, for they had heard the words of the gospel. G.C.M.G., L.L.D. "But of all (the kings of Ethiopia) Ganges was most famous, who with his Ethiopian army passed into Asia and conquered all as far as the River Ganges to which he left that name, being before. Based on historical records, Ezana is the first Christian Ethiopian king and the first to make Christianity the official religion of Ethiopia. IX. II. IX. [3] [4] See also [ edit] Emperor of Eritrea or Medri Bahri Ras Woldemichael Solomon References [ edit] On the death of a monarch any male or female blood relative of the emperor could claim succession to the throne: sons, brothers, daughters and nephews all inherited at times. XIV. XIV. The Amhara warrior turned emperor, Kassa of Qwara, Gonder, in 1855 took complete control over Ethiopia and was crowned Tewodros II. Such measures gave heart to the regional aristocrats, who returned to rebellion. Ayba 17 5770 270 In more recent times, it was used as an honorific title bestowed on governors of the most important provinces (kingdoms): Gojjam, Begemder, Wello, Tigray and the seaward kingdom, (where the variation Bahri Negasi (Sea King), was the title of the ruler of present-day central Eritrea). Zagun Tsion Hegez 5 5697 197 V. Wasan Sagad 15 6080 580 Sir Robert Napier, the commander, paid money and weapons to Kassa, a dejazmatch (earl) of Tigray, in order to secure passage inland, and on April 10, on the plains below mba Maryam (or Mekdela), British troops defeated a small imperial force. Italy added Ethiopia to its already existing colonies of Eritrea and Italian Somalia, creating the new dependent state of Italian East Africa and was the first to associate Ethiopia as part of the Horn of Africa. Tewodros had plans to modernize Ethiopia. IX. Originally his name was Kassa. you really did a good jobits really appreciated..it is the same us profeesor fikre tolosa book.. you should write a book about Ethiopian kings ..but dont call Ethiopia by the name abysinia. Menelik II reigned as the emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913 after ruling as the king of Shewa from 1866 to 1889. Exiled from 2 May 1936 to 5 April 1941, during the. Ethiopia, as a roughly unified political state, has an ancient lineage. Amen 21 3066 2434 June 19, 1922, Published in: Birhan Sagad Iyasu 24 7249 1749 XIX. The death of the Emperor caused a period of political turmoil in Ethiopia. XXVIII. III. Creating a professional army are some of them. Harbay 8 6753 1253. Wededem 10 6295 795 states that the tradition was used on occasion, weakened or lapsed sometimes, and was sometimes revived to full effect after some unfortunate disputes and that the custom started in time immemorial as Ethiopian common inheritance patterns allowed all agnates to also succeed to the lands of the monarchy which however is contrary to keeping the country undivided. Ramhay Nastossanan 14 4958 542 Atsgaba Seifa Arad 6 5753 253 XLVIII. XXVI. This article lists the emperorsof Ethiopia, from the founding of the Zagwe dynastyin the 9th/10th century until 1974, when the last emperorfrom the Solomonic dynastywas deposed. Interpretations of this claim vary widely. The system developed two approaches to controlling the succession: the first, employed on occasion before the 20th century, involved interning all of the emperor's possible rivals in a secure location, which drastically limited their ability to disrupt the empire with revolts or to dispute the succession of an heir apparent; the second, used with increasing frequency, involved the selection of emperors by a council of the senior officials of the realm, both secular and religious. Empress Menen had no children by Ras Leulseged. XXX. He is well known for two things. Although the list given me by the Regent concludes in the year given as EC 1779, I have thought it desirable to bring the tale up to date, and have completed the following list from various sources. II. Frumentius was a loyal individual, so he stayed and kept the kingdom running. XXVIII. 277 lessons. The other thing that must be known is the difference and similarities b/n Ethiopia and Abyssinia. XIII. After Adwa, Menileks Ethiopia was at once accepted by the European powers as a real political force. Herhator I 20 3770 1730 In May 1963, Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia received delegates from 32 African nations to establish the OAU. Luzay 12 5492 8 She is also one of the typicalethiopian.com Author team. Yatbarak 17 6730 1230 The emperor of Ethiopia ( Ge'ez: , ngus ngst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse ( Amharic: , "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. Among the churches, Bete Giyorgis is the most famous. Sousel Atozanis 20 3465 2035 I. Mara Takla Haymanot (His regnal name was Zagwe) 13 6433 933 Furthermore, while the Zagwe rulers had all but abandoned their claims to directly descend from Menelik I, Yekuno Amlak reasserted that heritage and by extension King Solomon. Gasiyo Eskikatir In 1861 he conceived a bold foreign policy to bolster his kingdom and promote his reforms. One of the most popular kings to have ruled over the African nation, he embarked on extensive expansion campaigns leading to the creation of a modern empire-state by 1898. VI. III. But its safe to say Susenyos was also interested in the religion; thus, he lastly made his final decision to accept catholicism in 1622. XIX. XIV. Menileks father was Haile Malakot, later negus (king) of Shewa. Adgale II 10 yrs + 6 months 5604 104 Ethiopia has a rich and fascinating cultural heritage structured around water. John IV 1868-89 The Zagwe dynasty was relatively short lived, reaching its peak in the early 13th century under the ruler Lalibela, remembered for building monolithic churches across his kingdom. XXII. Dawit 5 7216 1716 Ethiopia: Menilek II (1889-1913) In 1855 the vigorous emperor of Ethiopia, Tewodros II, invaded the then semi-independent kingdom of Shewa. Nuatmeawn 4 4829 671 Senefrou 20 1466 4034 The emperor settled at his political palace located at Shewa from 1508-1540. II. These thirty-five sovereigns at the time of Akapta Tsenfa Arad (ed. Alameda 8 5986 486 1868 - Tewodros defeated by a. It was one of the most influential empires in history, with a bigger impact than you ever realized. Auditor Menkem International Business plc Vacancy Announcement, Finance Coordinator Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)Vacancy Announcement, Aggar Micro Finance SC Vacancy Announcement, Audit and Compliance Coordinator Plan International Ethiopia Vacancy Announcement, Lidya Eskinder - Typical Ethiopian Author Team, The Ethiopian Birr | History, Changes, Value and Currency Exchange Rate, The Battle of Adwa | Cause, Battle & Victory, Significance and Lessons, Biography of Abdissa Aga | Early Life, Imprisoment, Prison Escape & Involvement in World War II. Yohannes IV defeated an invading Egyptian army in modern day Eritrea and gave his life to end the Mahdist threat to Ethiopia. He also found Debre Birhan. The steles were written in Greek, Sabaean, and Geez. The empress was the daughter of a Muslim king Hadiya sultanate throughout the late 15th and the early 16th. Zawre Nebrat 16 5231 269 Taddesse Tamrat argues that this practice began in the reign of Wedem Arad (12991314), following the struggle for succession that he believes lies behind the series of brief reigns of the sons of Yagbe'u Seyon (reigned 12851294). Hohey 35 3245 2255 In December 1895, after two years of good harvests had filled Ethiopias granaries, Menilek moved his army into Tigray. Sahle Selassie, (born 1795 or 1801died 1847), ruler (1813-47) of the kingdom of Shewa (Shoa), Ethiopia. Hesba Nafi 4 6918 1418 IX. Yasbeo Tseyon 9 6777 1277 In more recent times, it was used as an honorific title bestowed on governors of the most important provinces (kingdoms): Gojjam, Begemder, Wollo, Tigray, the seaward kingdom ( Bahre Negash "King of the Sea"), and later Shewa. VII. An important and influential ruler, Tewodros hold an important place in Ethiopian history. The Seleucids, a contending dynasty for Alexander's legacy, attempted to advance into India in 305 bce. DejazmatchAlemayehu Tewodros was the son and heir of Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia who committed-suicide following his defeat by the British. In nearly 10 years of captivity, he had opportunity to observe Tewodross dedication to the unification and modernization of the empire and also the heavy-handed and often violent methods that ultimately led to the emperors failure and suicide. Takla Haymanot 8 7272 1772 Recommended Lists: Ethiopia 4 Yohannes IV The emperor retired into Ethiopia to await negotiations, and on October 26, 1896, he signed the Treaty of Addis Ababa, which abrogated the Treaty of Wichale. Jan Asagad 1 6781 1281 XXIV. III. IX. Eylouka (Queen) 45 1769 3731 Kharid 72 1871 3629 SOVEREIGNS OF ETHIOPIA SUBSEQUENT TO THE FOREGOING LIST. The practice of political leaders associating themselves with the founding figure was also reflected in the title Negus, which had long been associated with the ancient ruler. Ahmed lbn Ghazi, best known as Gran, invaded Ethiopia and held power until 1543. Amen Hotep Zagdur 31 4601 899 XVII. Galawdewos 19 7051 1551 XIX. III. Menilek subsequently directed the Solomonic state into areas never before under its rule. XXIV. Revenues from the periphery were used to modernize the new capital of Addis Ababa, to open schools and hospitals, and to build communication networks. Sebtah 30 2985 2515 XII. Horemtaku 2 5540 40 Nalke 5 5480 20 XX. Some (including many inside Ethiopia) accept it as evident fact. LXII. In April 1533, Ahmad once again assembled his troops at Debre Berhan to conqueror at least ravagethe northern regions of Tigray, Begemder, and Gojjam . XV. XVIII. On 9 May 1936, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy proclaimed himself emperor of Ethiopia, replacing Haile Selassie. III. Kedus Arbe (samt) 40 6633 1133 Updates? Your email address will not be published. Wedma Ared 15 6797 1297 Zara Yaqob was a descendant of the Solomonic dynasty. Practice favoured primogeniture (first-born child ascending to the throne) but did not always enforce it. Bahr Asagad XXXII. Required fields are marked *. Blessed love to all JAH PEOPLE. VI. 1962 - Haile Selassie annexes Eritrea, which. Sanay 10 5401 99 XI. Amoy 21 4040 1460 Adyam Sagad Iyasu 25 7202 1702 Of the posterity of Mara Takla Haymanot (whose regnal name was Zagwe) until the reign of Harbay 11 sovereigns reigned over Ethiopia; 268 sovereigns in all. XXI. Names in italics indicate rulers who were usurpers or not widely recognized. VI. In the Solomonic dynasty, the Amhara Prince, ruler Yikuno Amlak Tasfa Iyesus. was one of the influential Ethiopian kings. Feliya Hernekhit 15 5293 207 Amharic: negus [negus]) is the word for "king" in the Ethiopian Semitic languages and a title[1] which was usually bestowed upon a regional ruler by the Negusa Nagast, or "king of kings,"[2] in pre-1974 Ethiopia. LVIII. Her Hator II 30 4223 1277 Traditionally, Ethiopians claim that the first emperor of Ethiopia was a semi-mythical figure named Menelik I. Menelik I was said to be the offspring of King Solomon of Jerusalem and the Queen of Sheba, ruler of a kingdom in either Yemen or Ethiopia. Abralyus Wiyankihi II 32 4712 788 In 1270 CE, the Zagwe rulers were overthrown and Ethiopia was reconsolidated under the leadership of a new ruler, Yekuno Amlak. The Italians interpreted Article XVII of the Treaty of Wichale (Uccialli), concluded in 1889 by the Italians and Menilek, as giving Italy a protectorate over Ethiopia. Haile Selassie also was the central figure of the Ras Tafari (Rasta) movement. Fascinated by modernity, Menelik II played a major role in modernizing Ethiopia. Tafari Makonnen, G.C.B.. Ameda III 3 5950 450 Haile Selassie I himself was never a Rastafarian. King Mara Takla Haymanot, the emperor and founder of the Zagwe dynasty variously called Mararah and Takla Haymanot by many Ethiopian Kings. Negus Tafari Makonnen Probably one of the most famous Ethiopian Kings, also known as Fasil, was born in 1632. Mumazes (Queen) 4 3829 1671 Jamal began his rise to power in Delhi as a habshi, one of many enslaved Africans of East African descent frequently employed by Muslim monarchs as mercenaries and members of royal security teams. Rey, F.R.G.S., Commander of the Order of the Star of Ethiopia X. Kashta Hanyon 13 4748 752 Wakana (Queen) 2 days Baeda Maryam III 1826 II. Johannis 5 months + XXXVIII. (King) 1928-1930 His name means "Clemency of the Trinity." A member of the Amhara royal family, Sahle Selassie ruled the feudal, semi-independent kingdom of Shewa after his . H.I.H. I. Sartu Tsenfa Assegd 21 5530 30 Gigar 1821-26 Amen Emhat II 5 4259 1241 XXI. Sahle Mariam declared himself emperor of Ethiopia on March 25, taking the name Menilek II, and at Wichale (or Ucciali, as the Italians called it) in Wallo on May 2 he signed a treaty of amity and commerce granting Italy rule over Eritrea. In 1813, indeed, no less than six nominal Kings of Kings of Ethiopia were all alive, having been successively turned out of office by others. Emperor Haile Selassie I], XII. A strong, progressive and kind hearted ruler, Sahle ruled for over three-decades (1813 to 1847) and made several reforms including in criminal law and administration, and worked on modernizing his country. Psmenit Waradanegash 21 5043 457 Tewodoros 4 6899 1399 II. Although the emperor of Ethiopia had theoretically unlimited power over his subjects, his councillors came to play an increasing role in governing Ethiopia, because many emperors were succeeded either by a child, or one of the incarcerated princes, who could only successfully leave their prisons with help from the outside. IV. Gaza Agdur 9 5721 221 His mother was a court servant who married Haile Malakot shortly after Sahle Mariam was born. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Italy under Benito Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in 1935, starting the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Zagdur I 40 4193 1307 Ori (or Aram) II 30 3889 1611 Ramenpahte 20 3500 2000