[165] The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay was established in 1958 at Powai, a northern suburb of Bombay. 3 20th century. It immediately entered into an Importance Of Globalization In Mumbai. Early Labor Unions. By Mariam Dossal. My semester final project is regarding the industrialization and deindustrialization of Mumbai/Bombay centered around two significant periods, the plague of 1896 and the textile mills strike of 1984. War of Independence, in 1857, makes a convenient watershed between these [142] The cotton mill industry was adversely affected during 1900 and 1901 due to the flight of workers because of the plague. In the latter part of the 19th century, many cotton spinning and weaving mills also came up in Bombay. 1857 marks a watershed in Indian history. 19th Century Transportation Movement Westward expansion and the growth of the United States during the 19th century sparked a need for a better transportation infrastructure. Mumbai's population exceeds 12.4 million, with another 8 million living in the greater metropolitan area; this total of more than 20 million ranks Mumbai's metropolitan population as the fourth highest in the world. Each of the studies reviewed here devotes considerable attention to developments since the 1920s. [126] Bombay Time, one of the two official time zones in British India, was established in 1884[127] during the International Meridian Conference held at Washington, D.C in the United States. [67] The Bank of Bombay, the oldest bank in the city, was established in 1840,[106] and the Bank of Western India in 1842. [4] The present day city was built on what was originally an archipelago of seven islands of Mumbai Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba). [63] On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the English East India Company for an annual rent of 10 (equivalent retail price index of 1,226 in 2007) or Indian Rs 1,48,000 today. [26] He belonged to either the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in Maharashtra or the Anahilavada dynasty of Gujarat. [citation needed] The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people) were the earliest known settlers of the islands.The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. had already been built towards the end of the 18th Century. effect in that the town could be built anew, to a better plan. [67], In 1838, the islands of Colaba and Little Colaba were connected to Bombay by the Colaba Causeway. [6] The Koli fishing community had long inhabited the islands. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The Dutch arrived first, closely followed by the British. Collectively these works make a significant contribution to the appreciation of such matters as working-class politics, the changing character of workers' neighbourhoods, land use, urban planning, and the ways the city has been imagined and experienced by its citizens. During the last half of the late 19th century, Chicago proved to be the fastest growing city in the world. [188] The bombing occurred on the tenth anniversary of the demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya. From 1857, 75 people were killed and 350 were injured. [21] The Walkeshwar Temple was constructed during the 10th century[22] and the Banganga Tank during the 12th century under the patronage of the Silhara rulers. The city was a centre of maritime trade with Persia and Egypt in 1000 bce. Request Permissions, Review by: According to S.C. Roy the growth of anthropology in India can be classified in terms of the sources of publications such as magazines, handbooks and monograms etc. [11], The Silhara dynasty of Konkan ruled the region between 810 and 1260. The Treaty of Bassein (1534) between the Portuguese viceroy Nuno da Cunha and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, placed the islands into Portuguese possession in 1534. [181] A series of 13 co-ordinated bomb explosions took place in Bombay on 12 March 1993, which resulted in 257 deaths and 700 injuries. slums developed around the mills and the harbour. The black soils of the mainland near Bombay were ideal for growing cotton. [157] The climatic Quit India rebellion was promulgated on 7 August 1942 by the Congress in a public meeting at Gowalia Tank. 4 21st century. Starting with the Factory Act of 1881, state government played an increasingly important role in regulating the industry. Modelled after army He implemented Aungier's plans for the fortification of the island, and had walls built from Dongri in the north to Mendham's point in the south. [149] In 1926, the Back Bay scandal occurred, when the Bombay Development Department under the British reclaimed the Back Bay area in Bombay after the financial crisis incidental to the post-war slump in the city. [159] On 15 August 1947, finally India was declared independent. [166] Following protests by the Samyukta Maharashtra movement in which 105 people were killed by police firing, Maharashtra State was formed with Bombay as its capital on 1 May 1960. [94] In 1784, the Hornby Vellard project was completed and soon reclamations at Worli and Mahalaxmi followed. Much of this money was channelled The labour force was constituted mainly The Cotton Exchange was established in The Koli, an aboriginal tribe of fishermen, were the earliest known inhabitants of present-day Mumbai, though Paleolithic stone implements found at Kandivli, in Greater Mumbai, indicate that the area has been inhabited by humans for hundreds of thousands of years. [171] During the 1970 there were Bombay-Bhiwandi riots. [10] After the decline of the Maurya Empire around 185 BCE, these islands fell to the Satavahanas. [53] These Christians were referred to by the British as Portuguese Christians, though they were Nestorian Christians who had only recently established ties with the Roman Catholic Church. 1801 - Siddhivinayak temple built at Prabhadevi. The city was built Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. [128] Bombay time was set at 4 hours and 51 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) using the 75th east meridian. These ships facilitated the entry of Goan and Mangalorean Catholics to Bombay. The islands came under the control of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat in 1348, ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands. [136] In September 1896, Bombay was hit by a bubonic plague epidemic where the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week. Forjett had the alleged ring-leaders blown from cannon on that day. In the 19th century ritain imported cotton from India which was transport-ed to Mumbai port by a railway. [77], Yakut Khan landed at Sewri on 14 February 1689,[78] and razed the Mazagon Fort in June 1690. . 2 Every country is shown in red. [123] The Bombay Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in Asia, was established in 1875. state. [35] The Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being the Haji Ali Dargah in Mahim, built in honour the Muslim saint Haji Ali in 1431. [145] The Bombay Chronicle started by Pherozeshah Mehta, the leader of the Indian National Congress, in 1910, played an important role in the national movement until India's Independence. 1993 Economic and Political Weekly [2] After India's independence in 1947, the territory of Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. Technology has changed the world in many ways, but perhaps no period introduced more changes than the Second Industrial Revolution. [64][65] The Company immediately set about the task of opening up the islands by constructing a quay and warehouses. The Mahim Causeway was not [45] The marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Portugal on 8 May 1661 placed Bombay in British possession as a part of Catherine's dowry to Charles. many islands, a process that was [92] Although Salsette was under the British, but the introduction of contraband goods from Salsette to other parts of Bombay was prevented. Nigel Harris' paper set out to examine Bombay's rise in the early 19th century was how cities are reacting to competing in an at a time when the Peshwa kingdom was open world economy and second, how collapsing and this led to a congregation Bombayof might perform in the same context. In 1348 the island was conquered by invading Muslim forces and became part of the kingdom of Gujarat. 1890. Later, his brother-in-law Nagardev for 17 years till 1348. Later, Cooke managed to acquire Mahim, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala for the English. The blasts occurred at the Opera House, Zaveri Bazaar, and Dadar,[202] which left 26 killed, and 130 injured. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE), Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics, V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS), Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Growth_of_Mumbai&oldid=964047190, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1951: 2,966,902 (0.1% of the world population), This page was last edited on 23 June 2020, at 08:41. By joining [citation needed]. The first institute in Asia to provide Veterinary Education, the Bombay Veterinary College, was established in Parel in Bombay in the year 1886. The Battle of Swally was fought between the British and the Portuguese at Surat in 1612 for the possession of Bombay. [195] 209 people were killed[196] and over 700 were injured. Rajagopalachari. [134] The concept of Dabbawalas (lunch box delivery man) originated in the 1890s when British people who came to Bombay did not like the local food. Around 2 people were killed and 28 were injured. The revolutionaries were brutally among the British, but also among Indians. [55] By 1710, the construction of Bombay Castle was finished, which fortified the islands from sea attacks by European pirates and the Marathas. [162] In April 1950, Greater Bombay District came into existence with the merger of Bombay Suburbs and Bombay City. 1880s. East India Company at the beginning of the century. Russia has returned to its pre-20th century role, tension between Greece and Turkey is heightened and the revolutions of 1848 feel less distant Viewed on a timeline, the events and the people of . across the continent, resulting in the growth of highly specialized farming (Rossiter, 1979). [5] The islands were coalesced into a single landmass by the Hornby Vellard engineering project in 1784. [192] On 25 August 2003, two blasts in South Mumbai one near the Gateway of India and the other at Zaveri Bazaar in Kalbadevi occurred. In 1812 an Ordinance was promulgated which, among The Portuguese Viceroy declined to interfere and Shipman was prevented from landing in Bombay. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. Request Permissions, Published By: Economic and Political Weekly. This paper calls upon historians to continue to apply the tools of social history, particularly its reliance on close microcosmic studies of particular places and groups over long periods of time, as they try to bridge the gap between the early twentieth century and the later twentieth century. Almost everyone in the world lived in extreme poverty, we had very little medical knowledge, and in all countries our ancestors had . In 1803 a fire raged through the Indian part After the establishment of the Gujarat Sultanate in 1391, Muzaffar Shah I was appointed viceroy of north Konkan. [85] The Maratha victory forced the British to push settlements within the fort walls of the city. The Bombay plague epidemic was a bubonic plague epidemic that struck the city of Bombay (present-day Mumbai) in the late nineteenth century. The American Civil War (186165) and the resulting cutoff of cotton supplies to Britain caused a great trade boom in Bombay. The purpose of this project was to block the Worli creek and prevent the low-lying areas of Bombay from being flooded at high tide. [50] Garcia de Orta, a Portuguese physician and botanist, was granted the possession of Bombay in 1554 by viceroy Pedro Mascarenhas. A Portuguese attempt to conquer Mahim failed in 1507, but in 1534 Sultan Bahdur Shah, the ruler of Gujarat, ceded the island to the Portuguese. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. Global sea levels have risen faster than since the beginning of the 20th Century, and it has become much worse in recent years. The Asiatic Society of Bombay (Town Hall) was completed in 1833,[67][104] and the Elphinstone College was built in 1835. [154] On 15 October 1932 industrialist and aviator J.R.D. During the reign of Ahmad Shah I (14111443), Malik-us-Sharq was appointed governor of Mahim, and in addition to instituting a proper survey of the islands, he improved the existing revenue system of the islands. [194] On 11 July 2006, a series of seven bomb blasts took place over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai at Khar, Mahim, Matunga, Jogeshwari, Borivali, and one between Khar and Santa Cruz. [90] The British occupied Salsette, Elephanta, Hog Island, and Karanja on 28 December 1774. [141] The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion scheme, the first planned suburban scheme in Bombay, was formulated in 18991900 by the Bombay City Improvement Trust to relieve congestion in the centre of the town, following the plague epidemics. [103] By 1830, regular communication with England started by steamers navigating the Red and Mediterranean Sea. By 1000 BCE, the region was heavily involved in seaborne commerce with Egypt and Persia. The opening in 1869 of the Suez Canal, which greatly facilitated trade with Britain and continental Europe, also contributed to Bombays prosperity. By the mid-19th century, industrialization was well-established throughout the western part of Europe and America's northeastern region. communication, in turn, fed commerce through the port of Bombay. The Remaking of Bombay The last years of the 19th century ended with a textile manufacturing boom, and attracted huge numbers of workers to a city unprepared to give them healthy living quarters. [103] The Bombay Municipal Corporation was established in 1872, providing a modern framework of governance for the rapidly growing city. [200] There were a series of ten coordinated terrorist attacks by 10 armed Pakistani men using automatic weapons and grenades which began on 26 November 2008 and ended on 29 November 2008. [111] The first-ever Indian railway line began operations between Bombay and neighbouring Thane over a distance of 21 miles on 16 April 1853. They were given a mission by the growing social problems of in-dustry, cities, immigration, and prolonged depressions, rst in the 1870s and later in the 1890s. 1777 - First newspaper published in Mumbai by Rustom Kersaspjere. 1803. [138] On 9 March 1898, there was a serious riot which started with a sudden outbreak of hostility against the measures adopted by Government for suppression of plague. [176] In August 1979, a sister township of Navi Mumbai was founded by City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) across Thane and Raigad districts of Maharashtra to help the dispersal and control of Mumbai's population. He was the first to realise that the Fort walls were now superfluous, There were restrictions on the hours of children and women. [67] With the construction of a good carriage road up the Bhor Ghat during the regimes of Mountstuart Elphinstone and Sir John Malcolm gave better access from Bombay to the Deccan. by the joining together of With the opening of [56], The annexation of Portugal by Spain in 1580 opened the way for other European powers to follow the spice routes to India. The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai's population over the last four centuries: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. During the latter half There was strong was called a wadi. Economic Growth Originally a nation of farmers, fishermen, loggers, and fur traders, the dawn of the 20th century saw a full-scale transformation of Canadian society. railways in India. The old wall It specialises in the longer monographic essay based on archival materials and new field work. [18] Christianity arrived in the islands during the sixth century, when the Nestorian Church made its presence in India. [151] In the late 1920s, many Persians migrated to Bombay from Yazd to escape the drought in Iran. [7] They were Dravidian in origin and included a large number of scattered tribes along the Vindhya Plateau, Gujarat, and Konkan. A Judge-Advocate was appointed for the purpose of civil administration. Historian Paul Moon has looked in depth at the development of Auckland over the 10 decades from 1900, drawing on diaries, newspapers and oral histories of the time. [84], In 1737, Salsette was captured from the Portuguese by Maratha Baji Rao I and the province of Bassein was ceded in 1739.