When you use the links on this page to make a purchase I may get a small commission and you will get a great bargain. The chysalis is woodlike. White ash, Fraxinus americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae). If you would like to support ForestWildlife.org in the form of donation or sponsorship, please contact us HERE. Moreover, the hind wing even comprises of neatly arranged blue spots.When the wings are closed, the shades are mostly the same with a yellow base with black borders or a full black body as in females. Some authors (e.g., Tyler et al. The caterpillar is brown and white when it is young, but it changes as it grows older. The female will lay up from 200-430 pale yellow eggs, at a rate of about 30-50 per day. Water garden plants from the ground level so as not to knock the caterpillar of plants. You will find more information about our wildlife conservation campaigns HERE. Within this sympatric zone, some hybrids occur (Hagen et al. These two also have a solid yellow bar along the margin of the ventral forewing. 2019. Houghton Mifflin Company. Female eastern tiger swallowtail butterflies lay single green eggs on the leaves of woody plants. The first threeinstarsare brown. There are two flights in the northern part of the range and at least three and possibly four flights in Florida (Scriber 1996). Larvae spin a mat of silk on a leaf that causes the leaf edges to curl upward, but they do not produce a complete leaf roll. The lifespan of the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly stretches from spring through fall, all through which they produce two or three broods. Because of their beautiful colors, they are much prized and sorted after by collectors. Giant swallowtails have a rather short lifespan, the majority of which is spent in caterpillar and larvae form, with the adults living only for six to 14 days, due to which there is not much data on their flight speed or weight. It is good to educate the next generation so they can work along with and preserve these species. The second tree was a few feet away and would not bloom this spring. All 3 baby caterpillars quickly darkened with white saddles across their backs. Thankfully, this doesnt affect their flight: Swallowtails males are said to have thicker, more vibrant yellow wing markings, but there seems to be a lot of variation that makes sexing them from a dorsal view difficult, at best. Garden City, New York. Swallowtail Butterflies of the Americas. Like other butterflies, tiger swallowtails lay eggs. Prepare Milkweed Plants for Monarch Eggs- Raise The Migration, How to Hunt, Gather, and Protect Monarch Eggs- Raising Monarchs Instructions, Care Tips for Baby Caterpillars- Raise Healthy Monarchs. [14] Some taxonomists place P. glaucus, along with the other tiger swallowtails, in the genus Pterourus. Opler PA, Krizek GO. Photograph by Donald W. Hall, University of Florida. 1996. 2005). Caterpillars of Eastern North America. and snakes, which could ultimately help them avoid deadly confrontations with dangerous predators: A third line of defense is the red horns (osmeterium) that emerge from the head of the caterpillar when it feels threatened. Favorite nectar plants include honeysuckle, milkweeds, azaleas, thistles and other urban flowers. [3] In 1991, the subspecies Papilio glaucus canadensis was elevated to species level, thus reducing the range of P. glaucus to south of Canada. Did you notice the dangerous thorn next to the back of the caterpillar photos above? [8][18][26] Gainesville, Florida. Look for false eyes, stripes, spots, bands, spikes, and texture. It is the state butterfly of Tennessee.Its distinctive wing shape and long tails make it easy to identify, and its black-and-white-striped pattern is reminiscent of . Males participate in a behavior calledpuddling, in which they congregate on mud, damp gravel, or puddles. A large white spot, known as a saddle, is found on the abdomen. [3][8][18] P. glaucus produces two broods in the north and three in the south. There is disagreement on the generic classification of the swallowtails (Hancock 1983, Miller 1987). Tiger swallowtails are beautiful butterflies found throughout North America. The size is excellent for taller plants and plenty of room for butterflies to try out their wings. A young caterpillar is black; an older one is green. The female will lay its eggs singly on the host plant leaves. Female butterflies are the heterogametic sex (XY), and males are homogametic (XX). So you want to Start Raising Monarch Butterflies? Distribution and Habitat The Western Swallowtail is often seen in meadows, woodland edges, streamsides and suburban gardens in the Western United States and the southern areas of British Columbia. 15"x15"x24"H, Baby Cube Clear Mesh Caterpillar Cage w/ Drawbridge Door 15"x15"x15", Monarch TOWER Clear Mesh Caterpillar Cage- Raise Monarchs on Milkweed Plants 24"x24"x36"H, TALL Baby Clear Mesh Caterpillar Cage to Raise Monarchsand More! [11] A shadow of the "tiger stripes" can be seen on the underside of some dark females. Many species of trees and shrubs in at least seven families are used as hosts (Opler and Malikul 1998, Scott 1986). Many members of the familiesApocynaceae,Asteraceae, andFabaceaeare used as common nectar sources. Wingspan up to 5.5 inches in diameter. var $ = ml_jQuery || jQuery; The female tiger swallowtail has a dark color which gives them the appearance of a poisonous pipevine that keeps predators away. Norman loves being in the garden, both at home and for his job. he is 'Natures Little helper' being outdoors, growing his vegetables and flowers from an early age. Butterflies East of the Great Plains. Its mindblowing that there are so many species of Swallowtail and each would be a great addition for any garden or just to be able to observe in general. The caterpillar (larva) looks like a bird dropping when it emerges from the egg. After 4-9 days, a caterpillar (larva) hatches from the egg. Appreciate the tips and resources this company provides. 1984. (http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/bfly/pipevine_swallowtail.htm) (Brower 1958). $('.ml-subscribe-form-1292910 .row-form').hide(); Placing a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around garden plants will help to keep weeds down along with these other benefits. Subfamily Papilioninae. Females have a splash of iridescent blue wash on their tales, while males do not. P. polyxenes is smaller, and the ventral hindwing has two rows of yellow-orange spots. London. They also sip water and minerals from mud (Berger and Lederhouse 1985). [3] In 1932, a single specimen was collected in County Wicklow, Ireland. However, they havent been as ravenous as munching monarch caterpillars. (Rosaceae) (Figure 13), white ash, Fraxinus americana Linnaeus (Oleaceae) (Figure 14), and pop ash, Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. This species was later described by Carl Linnaeus in his 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758. The veins are marked with black. Minno MC, Minno M. 1999. During courtship, the male and female fly about each other prior to landing and mating. New York, New York. Life Cycle. These false eyes are supposed to fool predators into thinking the caterpillar is actually a snake. The first drawing of a North American swallowtail was of a male tiger swallowtail and was drawn in 1587 by John White who was commander of Sir Walter Raleigh's third expedition to North America (Holland 1949, Opler and Krizek 1984). If you've never raised swallowtail caterpillars before, you might be surprised to see them going pre-chrysalis crazy as they prepare to enter the 3rd stage of the butterfly life cycle. So, a couple seasons ago we decided to see if we could entice GST females to drop off a few of their caterpillar kids. [23] It hibernates in locations with cold winters.[3]. Urban parks as well as city yards has also been its habitat in the recent times, Wild black cherry (Prunus serotina); Ash (Fraxinus species); Cottonwood (Populus species); Hoptree or water ash (Ptelea trifoliate); Common lilac (Syringa vulgaris); Sweet bay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana); Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera); Willow ( Salix species), Flower nectar from plants like milkweed, butterfly bush, phlox, Japanese honeysuckle, lilac, wild cherry and ironweed. Beforepupating, the caterpillar will turn dark brown. Twin SHORT Peg Racks BUNDLE for FAT CAT large floral tubes, Soft Poo Poo Platter- Small Caterpillar Cage Liner 14"x14"x.5"H, Cut stems off the plant (about 12 inches) with a, Go over to a yard waste can and cut off the thorns on the part of the stem that will be submerged in water. Linnaeus grouped some swallowtails and other butterflies under the genus name Papilio (Tyler 1975). Some of these plants include lantanas, zinnias, purple coneflowers, bee balm, thistle flowers, butterfly weed, sunflowers, Joe Pye weed, butterfly bushes, parsley, etc. I stroked one across its back, and picked up another that was looking for a fresh cuttingneither action was enough for them to Release The Red Cracken. 7. On May 13th I was planting in our garden. Natural pupation sites of swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): Wagner DL. Adults are yellow with four black bands on the front wings (Figures 3 and 4). Unlike milkweed-obsessed monarchs, the eastern tiger swallowtail will lay eggs on a wide range of host plants. 210 pp. Doubleday & Company. Wishing you good success with your wildlife garden project and if it is no bother I would love to know how it goes. The eggs will turn a dark gray just before hatching, which takes about 10-13 days. Yes you are in an have successfully joined our subscriber list. A side-by-side comparison of the male and female Eastern Tiger Swallowtail is shown below. We always have a few wander in over the season, but last July something spectacular happened. Unlike milkweed-obsessed monarchs, the giant swallowtail female will lay eggs on a wide range of host plants. appalachiensis. Hibernation occurs in this stage in locations with cold winter months. Dont use harmful pesticides which can cause much harm to swallowtail butterflies and beneficial insects. [20] This is likely due to genetic traits and differential detoxification abilities. Tyler HA, Brown KS Jr, Wilson KH. The subgenus name Pterourus is from the Greek roots ptero for wing and ura for tail (Borror 1960). Check out this video for some great up-close footage of this beautiful butterfly: During their short lifespans, adult tiger swallowtail butterflies can produce a lot of offspring. They may be killed by predators or environmental factors at any point along the way. The use of beneficial insects is a great way to bring garden insect pests under control while protecting the swallowtail. In peninsular Florida, sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana [L.] [Magnoliaceae]) is the favored host and appears to be the only host in the southern half of the peninsula (Scriber 1986). Hancock DL. Florida Butterfly Gardening. Figure 3. Four of the caterpillars also had an orange hue: This could be a normal color variation or they could have been in differentlarval stages. I looked up and a large tiger female almost flew right into me. Florida Butterfly Caterpillars and Their Host Plants. ), We also made a fatal mistake with the two eggs we brought in. Native to North America; found throughout Canada, the United States, and parts of Mexico. 1991). Here are some cool fun facts about the swallowtail butterfly. This is complete metamorphosis, the four stages of the butterfly life cycle. Temperate forests, urban woodlands and wetlands, mountains, desert regions. Healdsburg, California. The Butterfly Book. Cut stems off the plant (about 12 inches) with a hand pruner that will fit inside a floral tube or other cutting container. Each caterpillar starts to turn green, as the false eyes turn blue with outer orange rims. Also cool that it can change color as it ages plus possess a unique ability to ward off predators. The caterpillar eats the leaves of the host plant. 1979. The osmeterium emits a pungent odor, that is supposed to make them unpalatable to predators, like ants. 424 pp. Miller JS. Or that there are several different species of this butterfly that look almost exactly the same? These species of butterflies are known to be the most polyphagous among all swallowtails since they eat a lot of things apart from flower nectar like carrion, urine and dung. [3], The eastern tiger swallowtail was formerly considered a single species with a vast range into northern Canada and the eastern United States. The front of the caterpillar looks swollen compare to the rear. $('.ml-subscribe-form-1292910 .row-success').show(); A Swallowtail on lantana plant. I liked the round plastic poo poo platter more. Color mosaics are found in the central part of the species range. This cage has been extremely well crafted to withstand falls but mesh will tear easily if you don't take precautions. Papilioglaucuschrysalids can be found in a variety of places, but are commonly found on tree trunks, fence posts, and in ground litter. You should not rely on any information contained on this website, and you use the website at your own risk. How to Overwinter a Swallowtail Chrysalis until Spring? We didnt have enough space to add full-grown trees, so we stuck with some smaller host options. Are You Ready To Raise Monarch Butterflies for the Monarch Migration? It does, however, retain its yellow ring and purple dots. 5. 4. 5. Look out for his tips and hints helping you have success in the garden Signup Today for the Best Gardening & Home Improvement Information and $ave! Thechrysalismeasures 3.2 centimetres. Before you grab the stem, look for thorns. 1994, Minno et al. In the northern United States and southern Canada, the eastern tiger swallowtail is sympatric (occurring within the same geographical area) with the closely related Canadian tiger swallowtail, Papilio canadensis which was once considered a subspecies of Papilio glaucus (e.g., Emmel 1975, Scott 1986). Baltimore, Maryland. There are four distinct species which appear almost identical to each other: the Eastern, Western, Appalachian, and Canadian tiger swallowtails. Whole of eastern North America ranging from Southern Ontario up to the Gulf Coast as well as northern Mexico, and also New Hampshire, Woodlands,rivers, creeks, fields, gardens and roadsides. ants, spiders) crawling around. The giant swallowtail female deposits orange-peel colored eggs on the surface of green leaves, which means you shouldnt need to get out the old magnifying glass to confirm identity. 1958. Black Swallowtail Life Cycle: The Eggs Are Laid. It flies from spring until fall, during which it produces two to three broods.Adults feed on the nectar of many species of flowers . Swallowtail Butterflies: Their Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Swallowtails make between 1-2 flights from April-October in the Northern regions and 3 flights in the Southern regions. Tiger swallowtails eat a variety of foods, both as caterpillars and as butterflies, depending on what is available to them in a given region. After full grown larvae have ceased feeding, they change to greenish-brown or chocolate-brown coloration and wander down tree trunks and usually onto the leaf litter where they are highly cryptic. The swallowtail pupae overwinter by attaching to the lower stems of plants. The inner margin of the hindwing has small red and blue spots. Photograph by Jerry F. Butler, University of Florida. In the 5th and final instar, before forming its chrysalis, the caterpillar turns green as its white saddle has completely disappeared. There are 4 stages in the life of a swallowtail, these stages are egg, larva, pupal or chrysalis, and adult which is the butterfly. The female lays her eggs atop or on the undersides of the host plants leaves, in about 3-5 days the eggs hatches and the larva emerges. In butterflies, the sex chromosomes are the opposite of those in mammals. Yellow tiger swallowtails have striped yellow and black bodies, while black tigers have solid black bodies. Your email address will not be published. It takes between 4 to 10 days to hatch. The dark form females are supposed to mimic the poisonous pipevine swallowtail, which can make some predators sick. The Pale Swallowtail is a species under the 'swallowtail' group of butterflies native to the western regions of North America. Adults use a wide range of food sources, most preferring to nectar on sturdy plants with red or pink flowers. Ithibernatesin locations with cold winters. Life Cycle Eastern tiger swallowtails complete two generations (broods) in the northern portion of their range. The first three instars are brown. Many have bright blue and orange markings on their lower wings. [10][33], "Alabama Official Mascot and Butterfly: Eastern Tiger Swallowtail", "Papilio glaucus "Eastern Tiger Swallowtail" Family: Papilionidae", "Differential suitability of 12 Great Lakes tree species for Papilio canadensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) larval survival and growth", "Diel flight periodicity and the evolution of auditory defences in the Macrolepidoptera", "Adult nutrition affects male virility in, "The role of nectar source distribution in habitat use and oviposition by the tiger swallowtail butterfly", "Natural History Notes: Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papilio_glaucus&oldid=1152222926. Methuen. Experimental studies of mimicry in some North American butterflies: Part II. The yellow morph differs from the male in having a blue postmedian area on the dorsal hindwing. Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Pterourus glaucus. Click here for caterpillar cages and other helpful raising suppliesHappy Raising! Filling a bowl or dish with overripe fruits will attract them. Mid- to late instar larvae move from the resting site to other parts of the plant to feed and back to the mat of silk to rest (Scriber 1996). [20], Adults are seen from spring to fall, although the exact date varies depending on the location. [10] P. canadensis females are not dimorphic, and P. appalachiensis females are rarely black. It takes between 4 to 10 days to hatchCaterpillar(8to 14days). We had just bought our newhost plants3 days before, and they had not been permanently planted. Distribution map of Papilio glaucus Linnaeus. The chrysalis varies in color, ranging from off white to dark brown. Lighter-colored chrysalids often have a dark lateral stripe along each side of the body. The last two butterflies were female, but they were not your typical eastern tiger swallowtail femalethey were both dark form! [18], The eastern tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus, is probably the most polyphagous of all 560+ species of swallowtail butterflies in the world.[20]. Princeton University Press. If youre raising toward the end of the season, they may even decide to overwinter until next season. Wingspread is 7-13 cm (2.75-5 in). They are known for their elegant black-and-white appearance and pointed wings and are often seen puddling in the mud. P. glaucus chrysalids can be found in a variety of places, but are commonly found on tree trunks, fence posts, and in ground litter. There are 4 stages in the life of a swallowtail, these stages are egg, larva, pupal or chrysalis, and adult which is the butterfly. Fourth instar larva of the tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus Linnaeus showing the white saddle. 3. Unlike milkweed-obsessed monarchs, the eastern tiger swallowtail will lay eggs on a wide range of host plants. 2. A relatively small percentage of tiger swallowtail eggs reach adulthood. Twin SHORT Peg Racks BUNDLE for FAT CAT large floral tubes, Soft Poo Poo Platter- Small Caterpillar Cage Liner 14"x14"x.5"H. The eastern tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus, is probably the most polyphagous of all 560+ species of swallowtail butterflies in the world. Tyler HA. Scriber JM. Providing a water source is so important, filling a dish or two with water and placing them in your garden or a birdbath will do. [10], Females are dimorphic. Dont forget to read about other forest insects these are our popular guides about wasps and ants. The small caterpillar doubled in size and changed from brown to mostly green. A year after planting, we received all of our first giant swallowtail eggs on northern prickly ash. The larva will consume the leaves very quickly and because of its huge appetite, it grows rapidly shedding its skin. Larva - The caterpillar has five instars. They exist in the egg stage for about 5 to 10 days; the caterpillar stage for 3 to 4 weeks; the pupal stage for 10 to 20 days (or several months when overwintering); and the butterfly stage for anywhere from 6 to 14 days. The Butterflies of North America. Once fluids are pumped into their wings become bigger and stronger this process will allow them to take flight. Normally hidden, the osmeterium is located on the first segment of the thorax, and can be everted when the caterpillar feels threatened. This broken bar is present in both sexes, and is used to distinguish P. glaucus from its close relatives. In the dark morph, the areas that are normally yellow are replaced with dark gray or black. [21] However, as compared to Papilio canadensis, at the northern overlap between the two species, P. glaucus survive very poorly through their first larval instar when settling on a quaking aspen (Populus tremeloides) tree and their survival rate under those conditions are approximately 15%, whereas P. canadensis thrives on this food plant. It is concealed between the folds of the segments when the caterpillar is at rest. 1990. Affiliate Disclosure. 134 pp. Egg. Appreciate the tips and resources this company provides. Thanks a lot! 1949. flights between February and November to the south and two flights between May and September to the North. 633 pp. [3][23], Adults use a wide range of food sources, most preferring to nectar on sturdy plants with red or pink flowers. Butterfly : Wingspan: 2 - 4 inches (7.9 - 14 cm). Click herefor butterfly cages and helpful raising supplies. The swallowtail can be found on every continent except Antarctica, some species have scent glands when disturbed will release a foul substance. One of the things that are affecting wildlife is the destruction of their homes making way for roads, parks, and other infrastructures. [7], The wingspan ranges from 7.9 to 14cm (3.1 to 5.5in)[8] with females being the larger sex. Adult tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus Linnaeus (wings spread, showing dorsal surface). It hangs from a surface by a silk girdle around the thorax and a silk pad at the base. 10. University Press of Florida. 1995). Alfred A. Knopf. The black stripes on its yellow body have perhaps earned it the name tiger. a behavior called "puddling." The caterpillar of the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail is very similar to the Spicebush Swallowtail caterpillar, with a snake-like appearance. Time duration for various stages is as follows: Egg - It takes three to five days for eggs to hatch. Brenda of Brendas Butterfly Habitatshared that Zanthoxylum americanum (northern prickly ash) was the giants host plant of choice in her Michigan garden. It flies from spring until fall, during which it produces two to three broods. This band is absent in female spicebush swallowtails, Papilio troilus L., which may otherwise superficially resemble dark tiger swallowtails. Swallowtails can be found on every continent in the world. Figure 13. Females have less iridescence. Males often patrol at treetop level and swoop to lower levels to intercept females for mating. In summer, the butterfly can emerge as quickly as 15 days after the . Caterpillar Build A Painted Lady Butterfly Raising Kit, Send a Gift or Voucher to a Loved One or Friend, Monarch butterflies heading our way as drought sets stage for what could be a not great year. Females have a splash of iridescent blue wash on their tales, while males do not. Check out caterpillar cages, floral tubes, and other helpful raising tools on my Raising Resource Page. The eggs took a full week to hatch. If the butterfly (or moth) you're interested in isn't here, check the Butterfly Dictionary. 1983. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); If you are really interested in butterflies, please subscribe to our newsletter to get the latest updates about all the different species, right in your inbox. Larvae throw their frass (feces) with their mandibles. Underwing surfaces have an arc of 7 bright orange spots that cross the metallic blue area. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. Figure 4. It will reach a length of 5.5 centimetres. Imms A.D. 1957. Lets do our part in making it much easier for wildlife, so the next time you plant a garden or maybe refurbish it remember that our wildlife is depending on us to give them a helping hand so they can find a place for shelter, food and to raise their you. These commissions help support me and my company (Monarch Butterfly Garden LLC) in maintaining this site. I picked up a new raising tool and it became a cherry lifesaver! They wont hatch until next spring. Scientific Classification Description and Identification Caterpillar Figure 12. It is often spotted with green and dark brown. 512 pp. . On the upper surface, the yellow is bright while the underside is paler. The forewings of the males are black, further decorated with yellow spots lined in a row, while the veins are even black. Tiger Swallowtail Zebra Swallowtail Information Sheets About Butterflies (and Moths) Just click on an animal's name to go to that information sheet. The Eastern Tiger Swallowtail belonging to the swallowtail family, is mostly indigenous to the eastern parts of the United States. [15] In 2002, another closely related species, P. appalachiensis, was described by H. Pavulaan and D. M. Wright from the southern Appalachian Mountains. The black swallowtail can be found in suburbs, meadows, fields, roadsides, marshes, and parks. They are 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm in height and width respectively. pp. pp. The remaining three caterpillars formed a conga line on the upper corner of their mesh caterpillar cage: The third caterpillar then proceeded to attach himself to the bottom of the second chrysalis, Close quarters isnt necessarily a problem, but keep in mind they can stay in chrysalis for for weeks, or even months. The osmeterium is orange (Minno et al. It will rest on a silk pad on a leaf, with the edges of the leaf folded over itself and held together with silk. A Tiger Swallowtail egg. Tiger swallowtail is a large species of butterfly, and the adult females are larger than the male counterparts. 1. Signup Today for Our Newsletter to Receive Up to Date Information on Herbs and Other Gardening News in the Industry. [13][22] Males seek females by patrolling habitats containing the larval host plants. 1986. Inside the cocoon, they undergo metamorphosis and a beautiful change begins to take place. Sweet bay grows in wet areas and may be distinguished from similar-appearing species of Persea (Lauraceae), by the stipular scars that completely surround the twig (Figure 10) and the glaucous (fine, waxy, whitish coating) undersides of the leaves of Magnolia virginiana (Figure 11 [inset a]) characteristics that are lacking in species of Persea. These females often exhibit a shadow of the "tiger" stripes. It was drawn by John White in 1587,[3] during Sir Walter Raleigh's third expedition to Virginia. 2005). Their life span is about two weeks. The chrysalis varies from a whitish color to dark brown. There are believed to be more than 550 species of swallowtail. Tiger Swallowtail Life Cycle: Overview and Timings. Would you like to start raising eastern tiger swallowtails through all 4 stages of the butterfly life cycle? P. glaucus has a wingspan measuring 7.9 to 14cm (3.1 to 5.5in). This band is absent in female spicebush swallowtails, Papilio troilus L., which may otherwise superficially resemble dark tiger swallowtails. p. 212. That special touch, you have always looked for. Using native plants that attract the swallowtail will draw them to your garden like a magnet. Naturegraph Publishers. The caterpillar of papilioglaucusis impossible to distinguish from the caterpillars of papiliocanadensis. (Unfortunately, we did not find them right away like with the tiger swallowtails we raised last season. The larva is in the caterpillar stage and will feed on the leaves of the host plant. University Press of Florida. Females will occasionally puddle, but do not form congregations.

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