Westcott I reject the word infallibility of Holy Scriptures overwhelmingly. Riplinger, pg 622, Hort Evangelicals seem to me perverted. The Bible teaches No Scripture is of private interpretation. baseline is the original Greek and Hebrew, so what we compare all versions to is the best text we can produce, our favourite translation. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. Many planks of Darwins theories have been discredited, but Darwin and his theories are important because of their key, pivotal role in the field.Consider another quote, this one from Dr. Zane Hodges:MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. He is currently helping set up a bible college in Southern Africa . Westcott and Hort were the original textual critics of their day. Restored Greek syntax. copyright 2013, Way of Life Literature There are over 5366 manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. "[3] They find that without orthographic differences, doubtful textual variants exist only in one sixtieth of the whole New Testament (with most of them being comparatively trivial variations), with the substantial variations forming hardly more than one thousandth of the entire text. (3) How many textual errors (differences) are in the handful of Byzantine manuscripts used to make the Textus Receptus, which is behind the KJV? one of them is of mainly later texts after the fall of Antioch and Alexandria to Islam. A. Hort, upon whose text the United Bible Society is based, which is the foundation for all modern-day translations of the Bible. Since its publication in 1881, Westcott and Hort's work has proved to be impressively accurate, though far from perfect. It is the latter edition that was taken as the basis for the presentUnited Bible Societies edition. Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort were 19th-century theologians and Bible scholars. It simply isnt intellectually credible and will be unpersuasive, and rightly so, for an educated cultist. The judge then listens to the other side which holds over 5000 witnesses. But HORT DID NOT FAIL TO REACH HIS MAJOR GOAL. (7) Which is inerrant the Latin Vulgate Erasmus used to make some of the Textus Receptus or the Byzantine texts? Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Ed.) Totaling to 7,320 places. Since 99.9% of these manuscripts agree, we can be comforted knowing that God has preserved His Word among us. (London; New York: United Bible Societies, 1994), xx, xxv. However, this material may be freely used for personal study or research purposes. False claim #1: Writing that his father had a lifelong faith in what for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, the son of famed biblical Greek text editor B. F. Westcott admits to considerable public alarm at his fathers activity. (Jack Chick,Battle Cry,July/August 1993 issue). [2] Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual .., https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test (accessed June 12, 2016). [13], The New Testament in the original Greek (1881), The New Testament in the original Greek Introduction and Appendix (1882), Comparison of the Wescott/Hort text with other manuscript editions, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Westcott_and_Hort&oldid=1137236913, This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 15:13. But we must remember that Bibles are translated by men, and thus corruption is possible. Until recently the two chief witnesses to the Alexandrian text were codex Vaticanus (B) and codex Sinaiticus (), parchment manuscripts dating from about the middle of the fourth century. Comparable to the English Standard Versionand the New American Standard Bible. Brother Cloud lives in South Asia where he has been a church planting missionary since 1979. In the court room they tell it to the judge as it is, yet when the judge hears each of their stories, the witnesses do not agree. The KJV is a straight translation from the Majority text. We trust that your Christian honesty will preserve the integrity of this policy. There are various groupings of texts, according to this thinking, and one of them is of mainly later texts after the fall of Antioch and Alexandria to Islam. THE DEAD HAND OF FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT LIES HEAVY UPON US. In my own NIV Student Bible (Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids Michigan, Copyright 1986, 1992), there is no mention of Westcott and Hort, but a mere reference to textual criticism., Where existing manuscripts differ, the translators made their choice of readings according to accepted principles of New Testament textual criticism., Though these quotations say nothing of Westcott and Hort, they are hidden behind the words accepted principles of textual criticism. To deny their influence is similar to denying the influence of Darwin on contemporary evolutionary thought. Many modern versions like the New International Version (450 million copies worldwide), English Standard Version, Holman Christian Standard Bible, New Living Translation, New Century Version, Amplified Bible, New English Translation and New American Standard Bible have been produced by the finest Bible believing scholars in the world. Certainly nothing could be more unscriptural than the modern limiting of Christs bearing our sins and sufferings to his death; but indeed that is only one aspect of an almost universal heresy. 4) Hort wrote, I have been persuaded for many years that Mary-worship and Jesus worship have very much in common in their causes and their results. Westcott found a statue of Mary and a crucified Christ in a remote chapel and wrote, Had I been alone, I could have knelt there for hours.. http://www.kjvonly.org/doug/index_doug.html, A superb debate between two Bible teachers one defending the KJV chaired by Doug Harris, founder of Reachout, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwe_nxeVwE0. They feel comfortable with the fact that the TR is derived from from manuscroipts derived from the stream of texts that comprise the Majority Text. And what do we know about these men who made themselves the judges over Gods holy Word? The New International Version (NIV) first published in 1978. claims to be based on the Nestle-Aland Greek Text, which is similar to. This translation in many ways was the . Burgon, Miller, and Scrivener in their third argument continued with the belief that it would be foolish to set aside thousands of manuscript witnesses (the Byzantine text-type) for a few supposedly early manuscript witnesses (the Alexandrian text-type). [2] It is a critical text, compiled from some of the oldest New Testament fragments and texts that had been discovered at the time. Over the next four centuries or so, the Byzantine Empire and the Greek-speaking church were the dominant factors as to why this area saw their text becoming the standard. [The personal letters of Hort and Westcott sound like the letters of men of the Jesuit order (that is, if you know the Roman Catholic Jesuits. All editions of Nestle-Aland remain close in textual character to the text WH. Murdock Translation of the Western Peshitto. . Westcott and Hort relied heavily on what they called the neutral family of texts, which involved the renowned fourth-century vellum Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts. serve us and God well in what they provide. 2. The following brief comments are not meant to stand alone, please use the links that follow that will enlarge, reinforce, and add to the article. Bible study and teaching is his passion. In Christ Jesus our Lord, It was a printed text, not a hand-copied manuscript, created in the 15th century to fill the need for a textually accurate Greek New Testament. Today, for instance, we have in excess of 5600 manuscripts we can consult. Jeromes Latin Vulgate, produced in the 5thcentury to make the Bible accessible to all, became a means of keeping Gods Word hidden. Paraphrase of the Jewish Publication Society of America Version (Old Testament), and from Greek (New Testament) text. Which group do you think would be more trustworthy? Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) produced a Greek New Testament in 1881 based on the findings of Tischendorf. Were those translators wrong? For the reader of the NIV this note in brackets must at least cause doubt to enter ones mind as to the authenticity of these verses. MODERN TEXTUAL CRITICISM IS PSYCHOLOGICALLY ADDICTED TO WESTCOTT AND HORT. 50+ premium resources (>$2,400 value!). (14) Why is the earlier Byzantine text more similar to the Alexandrian text in that it differs from the later Byzantine text in roughly 3000 places? Translators of the Bible over the years have used these agreeing manuscripts to make what is called the MAJORITY TEXT. Masoretic Text, Erasmus third NT edition (1522), Martin Luthers 1522 German Bible. They passed by the Traditional Text (Textus Receptus) which was the text upon which the King James Version is based. Textual criticism is flawed because mans judgment is by nature flawed with bias. The difference with Westcott and Hort is, they had an interest and the subject of the called that they investigated and then rejected later in life, which we would call repentance and turning away from the wrongdoing, while John Calvin held onto his radical beliefs up until the time of his death. It kept the KJV style language but was much more accurate. Likewise we dare never put confidence in man. To start with a doctrine and then correct or prefer a Bible translation because of it is, frankly, the wrong way around!! It is sometimes called the Textus Receptus. | christianhuls, Older readings, manuscripts, or groups are to be preferred. According to Bruce M. Metzger, the general validity of their critical principles and procedures is widely acknowledged by scholars today. In 1981 Metzger said. About 290 C.E., some of his associates made various subsequent alterations, which deliberately combined elements from earlier types of text, and this text was adopted about 380 C.E. As we had just learned earlier under the corruption period, after Constantine legalized Christianity, giving it equal status with the pagan religions, it was much easier for those possessing manuscripts to have them copied. They do not even agree with each other. How did the Greek text develop from Desiderius Erasmus to Robert Estienne to Thodore Beza, and did any of the editions have a critical apparatus with variants, and did any of these men consult any Alexandrian manuscripts? Almost all the websites, articles, films, videos and messages I have come across regarding the KJV, pay no attention at all to this viewpoint as they. Revision of the Revised Standard Version. Informally referred to as WH they produced the WH text of the New Testament. Authorized King James Version which restores the Divine Name, Jehovah to the original text in 6,973 places, Jah in 50 places and Jehovah also appears in parentheses in the New Testament wherever the New Testament cross references a quote from the Old Testament in 297 places. Westcott and Hort did what was unthinkable..they picked through five Greek texts which did not agree with each other, and came up with a new revised Greek version of the Bible. Revision of the New International Version. - www.wayoflife.org. Oct 30, 2011. God has been gracious to us in that when there were voices contesting the authenticity of the OT record the dead sea scrolls were discovered. Masoretic Text, the GreekNew Testament of Erasmus, Vulgate, and German and Swiss-German Bibles (Luther Bible,Zrich BibleandLeo Juds Bible), First complete Bible printed in English (Early Modern English). Of course, I think they gave too much weight to CodexVaticanus alone, and this needs to be tempered. They are based on an eclectic text which sometimes favors the TR over Aleph or B.This is true as far as it goes, but it ignores the heart of the issue. I urge you not to do this. This knowledge also informs us that the New Testament was not written generally in posh language more a sort of popular tabloid type language. A fresh translation/paraphrase into contemporary language and idiom by Eugene Peterson. (11) If the KJVOist advocates are correct and the copyists for the Byzantine text DID NOT make all of the additions to the Greek text but rather the Alexandrian copyists removed them, why do the 140+ papyri manuscripts discovered in the 1930s the 1950s date with decades of the originals, 200 years before the 4th-century Alexandrian Vaticanus and Sinaiticus and 350 years before the earliest 5th-century Byzantine text looks just like the Alexandrian of manuscripts? 1. King James Only Resource, EDWARD D. ANDREWS (AS in Criminal Justice, BS in Religion, MA in Biblical Studies, and MDiv in Theology) is CEO and President of Christian Publishing House. (weak textual evidence). against unnecessary and incorrect attacks. It is in draft form, and currently being edited for accuracy and readability. It goes without saying that no Bible-believing Christian who is willing to extend the implications of his faith to textual matters can have the slightest grounds for confidence in contemporary critical texts (emphasis added) (Zane C. Hodges, Rationalism and Contemporary New Testament Textual Criticism, Bibliotheca Sacra, January 1971, p. 35). Much has been written about them, but also their own recorded words shed light on their beliefs. . http://newlife.id.au/church-history/7-things-about-the-king-james-bible/, http://kingjamesbibletranslators.org/bios/. Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061, which underlie the Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament of 1881 have been somewhat discredited by textual critics of the 20th century. There are many early byzantine readings as you would expect since it is the original text. Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working . The Occult Connections of Westcott and Hort. 2012-2016 Way of Life Literature Inc. v.ssl.1. God has promised to preserve His Word among us, and God always keeps His promises! He clearly infers that he had occasion to investigate spiritualistic phenomena with some care, which would indicate that much earlier in his life he had some fascination with spiritualism and the occult. No mere mortal dare add to, or subtract from Gods Word (the last chapter in Revelation teaches this). Christian Publishing House Blog, Byzantine Text-Type of Greek New Testament Manuscripts Christian Publishing House Blog, Is the King James Version (KJV) the ONLY True Bible Translation? The quote above still appears on Chicks website at the time of this writing. When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! It is a critical text (master Greek text of the NT seeking to ascertain the original It goes without saying that no Bible-believing Christian who is willing to extend the implications of his faith to textual matters can have the slightest grounds for confidence in contemporary critical texts (emphasis added) (Zane C. Hodges, Rationalism and Contemporary New Testament Textual Criticism, Bibliotheca Sacra, January 1971, p. 35).Zane Hodges is not a fundamental Baptist, but I believe he is more honest about the influence of Westcott and Hort upon modern textual scholarship than James White. A. Hort (1881). An update to it (mainly to the New Testament as of now) is scheduled for release in 2025. Alexandrian text-type. His method of picking and choosing which verses belong and which verses dont, is called the eclectic method. No Christian truth is affected by any of the variations of translation due to textual differences. If we were to hand-copy the same manuscript a thousand times, obvious errors probably would be corrected in many copies, but new errors would be introduced, many of them probably the result of a well-intended correction. A textual criticism principle that has been derived from this observation is that manuscripts should be weighed (i.e. 68 days ago. How did the term Textus Receptus come about? Chapter 8: Westcott and Hort - part 1. Westcott & Hort were scholars and were peer tested by many others. Riplinger speaks much on this subject and also aligns them with the New Age movement. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright APOSTOLIC INFORMATION SERVICE, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort (27-5), Beyond the Bake Sale: Cool Fundraising Ideas for Ladies Ministry (27-5), What does the Number 26 Mean in the Bible? There are a number of theories about text types and families which have some intellectual and academic credibility. This should help the reader to see how desperate and weak their arguments are. Codex Vaticanus (according to the introduction in the reprint edition by S. F. Pells) of the Septuagint (but excluding the Apocrypha) and of the New Testament, Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1983), Nestle-Aland Greek text, Masoretic Text, the 27th Nestle-AlandNovum Testamentum Graece. The book, New Age Bible Versions has this to say about Wescott and Hort: B.F. Westcott is identified as "a mystic" by the standard reference work of his day: The Encyclopedia Britannica (1911). This text type is called Byzantine and most of its copies can be sourced to Constantinople. Instead they used the corrupted manuscripts of the Gnosticism-Origen-Eusebius- Jerome-Augustine lineage. (Joseph Van Beeks tract: KJV vs NIV, pgs 5 & 6), As to the personal beliefs of Westcot and Hort: 1) They never claimed or testified that the Bible was verbally inspired or inerrant. www.wayoflife.org/about/makeanoffering.html. The KJV is a translation like all others. Greek which was the Greek of Alexander the Great, a common, or marketplace Greek. However we gain John 1:18. in Php 2:6. What Can We Do to Establish Faith In the Restored Text of the New Testament? It is the text type favored by the majority of modern textual critics and it is the basis for most modern (after 1900) Bible translations. The 1881 British Revised Version (RV), also known as the English Revised Version (ERV) of the King James Version, and the 1881 New Testament Greek text of Westcott and Hort did not sit well with the King-James-Version-Only[3] advocate John William Burgon (18131888), E. H. A. Scrivener (18131891), and Edward Miller (18251901), the latter authoring A Guide to the Textual Criticismof the New Testament (1886). the Western manuscript family. Translations are not based on the previous translation and revised, which is the claim of Mormons for instance, they are based on the manuscripts available, this is an important point to understand. This book was not read in the same manner that Christians would read their Bibles today. Adds a new translation of the LXX to an existing translation of the NKJV in a single volume. How do you explain the differences in the manuscripts? By the same token, most have rid themselves of the ancient King James Version and upgraded for a newer model, such as the NIV, or NASB, etc. Westcott and Hort. Brooke Foss Westcott and John Maurice Schulhof, eds., Saint Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians: The Greek Text with Notes and Addenda, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1909), v. Brooke Foss Westcott and Arthur Westcott, eds., The Gospel according to St. John Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: J. Murray, 1908), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 4th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: Macmillan, 1902), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistle to the Hebrews the Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 3d ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1903). So here is the dilemma when it comes to the witness of the Greek manuscripts. Take, for example, five men who are eye witnesses to a crime. Tanakh (Old Testament). - DNA in the Bible, Secret to Church Growth by Tim Massengale, Church Growth Must be Intentional by Tim Massengale, Faith Goal Setting Only Works When You Do It By Tim Massengale, Home Bible Study Success By Tim Massengale, Relationship Evangelism by Tim Massengale, Key Elements of Church Growth by Tim Massengale. Their names are as follows: The Westcott-Hort Greek text is very significant and its editors are highly significant to the history of textual criticism. The KJV was a superb translation for its day. When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! (weak textual evidence). It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. Ps. The irony is, these fundamentalist worshippers of the Textus receptus would never call into question John Calvin or Calvinism, who was guilty of having Michael Servetus killed for believing differently about the Trinity and was a proponent of persecuting anyone who dared to believe differently than he. The KJV was a superb translation for its day. for value), not counted. I have never personally come across anyone that actually believes it, but some scholars do. The case, indeed, is far otherwise. (2.20), The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others. It was the corrupt Byzantine form of text that provided the basis for almost all translations of the New Testament into modern languages down to the nineteenth century. The above article, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort was written by Tim Pederson. John is married to Janet they have three grown up children and two grandogs. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! You will note it is not included in almost all modern translations. That is, it is generally shorter than the text of other forms, and it does not exhibit the degree of grammatical and stylistic polishing that is characteristic of the Byzantine type of text. Of course, I think they gave too much weight to Codex Vaticanus alone, and this needs to be tempered. Comparable to theEnglish Standard Versionand theNew American Standard Bible. No English translation is inspired. The conclusion is obvious. I would venture to say that every King James Version Onlyist doctrinally believes differently than the other. Readings are to be preferred that are found in a manuscript that habitually contains superior readings as determined by intrinsic and transcriptional probability. Since the original books of the Bible do not exist anymore, it becomes necessary to translate the Bible from copies of the original. Masoretic Text, the Greek New Testament of Erasmus, the Vulgate, the Luther Bible, and a 1535 bible from France. They also developed a theory of textual criticism which underlay their Greek NT and several other Greek NT since (such as . Not one of these manuscripts is exactly the same in Greek content. Shows (by color coding and word notes) grammatical details within the Greek language. . At this point we have entered the realm of textual criticism. Can his verdict be true? Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. At the age of 23, in late 1851, Hort . By Ann Spangler, The Names of God Bible restores the transliterations of ancient namessuch as Yahweh, El Shadday, El Elyon, and Adonayto help the reader better understand the rich meaning of Gods names that are found in the original Hebrew and Aramaic text. I think the Lucian recession theory has been rejected by the majority of textual scholars, but i may be mistaken. Westcott. [citation needed], The edition of Westcott and Hort began a new epoch in the history of textual criticism. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825 1901) Christian Publishing House Blog, Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828 1892) Christian Publishing House Blog, CHOOSING THE BEST BIBLE TRANSLATION JUST GOT EASIER! This version is now in thepublic domaindue to copyright expiration. Burkitt. Westcott and Hort were spiritualists. The whole problem with textual criticism is that man becomes the judge of what belongs in the Bible and what doesnt. Brooke Foss Westcott(18251901) andFenton John Anthony Hort(18281892) were nineteenth-century theologians and Bible and textual scholars. Riplinger links the spiritualist teachings of Westcott and Hort to the occult teachings of Madame Helena P. Blavatsky who wrote the Lucifer magazine. A textual critic is one who picks and chooses what part of whose story they will believe to be true. You have entered an incorrect email address! Codex Bezae (D). Archaeologists Discover 2,000-year-old Gemstone With balm Of Gilead Engraved On It, Masoretic Text, Westcott and Hort 1881 and Tregelles 1857. (1) If Gods Word is only found in the 1611 KJV, where was Gods Word from 100 A.D. 1610 A.D.? I would venture to say that their doctrinal positions are not perfect, especially when they were younger because no one has perfect doctrinal positions. 56 days ago, - We dont even know what part of which text they used and where! They assume some are just more easy to read than others. The translation now is a literary masterpiece. Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort's new Greek text became the Greek Nestle-Aland and UBS textbooks used by most Catholic and Protestant translators today. I have used the NIV for comparison. [4], According to Hort, "Knowledge of Documents should precede Final Judgments upon Readings". This Bible version is now Public Domain worldwide due to copyright expiration except in the United Kingdom due to crown letters patent until 2039. Both found nothing wrong with the worship of Mary. The Hebraic Roots Version Scriptures is a translation of the Tanakh/Old Testament from the Hebrew Masoretic Text. New Jubilees version of the Bible in English Verse byThomas McElwain. The KJV translators did not know this and sometimes mistranslated words because of this lack of understanding. Westcott & Hort were the dominant forces on the Revision Committee. The climax of this restoration era goes to the immediate successors of these men, the two English Bible scholars B. F. Westcott and F. J. Modern English (GW) & Early Modern English (KJV). We know now that the Greek of the New Testament was common or koine Greek which was the Greek of Alexander the Great, a common, or marketplace Greek. I often see people pointing to Acts 8:37 and other passages as an example and pointing out how that verse is not in modern versions. This Greek NT was the basis for the Revised Version of that same year. (Westcott-Hort, Weiss, Tischendorf Greek texts), First English Bible with whole of Old Testament translated direct from Hebrew texts. In their fourth argument, Burgon, Miller, and Scrivener maintained that the Byzantine text-type was actually older and superior to the Alexandrian text-type. Even a brief comparison of passages between the NIV and KJV will yield useful information. The most recent is the Syrian, or Byzantine text-type (eastern), of which the newest example is the Textus Receptus and thus from the critical text view is less likely reliable. The items have taken years to produce at enormous expense in time and money, and we use the income from sales to help fund the ministry. They are NOTHING when we look at the nearly 6,000 differences, many being quite substantial between the Alexandrian Critical Text and the Textus Receptus. The Sahidic and Bohairic versions frequently contain typically Alexandrian readings .

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