Having a hot semi-arid climate, it stretches across the south-central latitudes of Northern Africa between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea. Parasitism of crop plants by Striga species is a major constraint in the savanna zones of West Africa. Due to the extremely poor amount of rainfall this area receives yearly, with the rainy season lasting only 3 to 4 months, only tough plants can survive here. Here, the grass grows so tall that it could cover a person, and big animals can easily hide in them. Naturally, their characteristics reflect the climatic conditions in the particular area. Herds of sheep, cattle, and goats can be found here grazing on vast pastures. During the dry season the trees shed their leaves, all but the largest rivers run dry, and brush fires that burn up the grass are common. [2], The Sudanian savanna is one of the three distinct physiographic provinces of the larger African Massive division. dry and wooded savanna, south of the Sahel. Nigeria is situated in the area where the climate is usually the training period and dry season. The vegetation of Africa, a descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO/AETFAT/UNSO Vegetation Map of Africa (3 Plates, Northwestern Africa, Northeastern Africa, and Southern Africa, 1:5,000,000). 1 and 2). selected risk assessment techniques; plant uptake factor (PUF), soil-plant transfer coefficient (TC) and translocation factor (TF) of Pb and The effects of N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological and yield traits of sorghum were investigated in two locations over two cropping seasons (2014 and 2015) in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria. Its leaves feed animals during the period of dryness. Most of the rice production is in central and northern Nigeria. During this period, the temperatures are relatively low and conducive for economic production of the crop under irrigation [2]. The Sudan Savanna provides an excellent environment for agriculture and animal farming in the Northen part of the country. The vegetation belt in Nigeria is divided into two: the forest and savannah ecological zones. Sudan Savanna In Nigeria, However, problems such as poor health facilities, high levels of crime, unemployment, and corruption continue to be pressing issues in the country's economy. It stretches from the border of Senegal, through southern Mali (formerly known as French Sudan when it was a French colony), Burkina Faso, southern Niger and northern Nigeria, southern Chad and the western Darfur region of presentday Sudan. Some of them have trunks twisted from annual fires. On the other side of Lake Chad, on the contrary, reeds and papyrus grow thickly. The lower layer species are the undergrowth vegetation and have the highest density possible. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Once, a significant part of the territory was covered with dense tropical rainforests. so that you can track your progress. This type of vegetation is dependent on the coastal location of the zone. The Guinean forest-savanna mosaic. Infestation of cowpea with S. gesnerioides was in the order of Northern Guinea savanna > Sudan savanna > Southern Guinea savanna. Next to them, you can meet the palms of doom, the whale, the whitish acacia, which sheds the leaves in the wet season, and during the draught is covered with fresh leaves serving as food for animals. The East Sudanian Savanna has low rates of faunal endemism, with only one strictly endemic mammal (Gounda mouse), and two strictly endemic reptiles (Moila snake and Wilsons snake-eyed skink). N/A means data is not available at this time. May to October with an estimated total production of 8.5 million tones (12). Soil and climatic conditions contribute to the growing of cocoa, peanuts, oil palm, cotton and many tropical crops. As mentioned in the previous lesson, Nigeria is a state of forests and savannas. Usually, the types of plants that grow in a country depend on its climate zones. 4 Guide to Soybean Production in Northern Nigeria Plant spacing and sowing Sow soybean by hand, planter, or by drilling. Just as the climate and temperature are not the same in every part of the country, so are the plants and animals that live in that environment. The most precious vegetation in Nigerian forests are kaya and sapel, iroko and opepe, agba and obche. The soil of BUK site was sandy loam of the pH 6.5, Organic matter content 7.9 g kg-1 The Sudan Savannah zone is found in the Northwest stretching from the Sokoto plains in the West, through the Northern sections of the Central highland. The vegetation is characterized by desert. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. It is a very good location for pastures and also for growing different vegetables and small grain crops. in the east Nigeria share border with Cameroon and Chad and in the east in the west, Nigeria shares land borders with the Republic of Benin, and in the north, a border was shared with the Niger Republic. The trees here grow up to a height of about 15m. Your email address will not be published. Other common plants include the African myrrh, Acacia, and Ngibbi. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It is recognizable by the tall elephant grass where many large mammals are found. A freshwater swamp forest is defined as a forest that is inundated with freshwater as a permanent, irregular, or seasonal condition. The parts of the grasses below the ground are unaffected and they sprout and grow during the rainy season. Still, the forests become sparse as you move north which leads to the beginning of the savannah vegetation. The term vegetation simply means plants that cover or grow in a certain area. Burgess, N., Hales, J.A., Underwood, E., Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Itoua, I., Schipper, J., Ricketts, T. and Newman, K. 2004. Harbor Light Specials, They include: In most parts of the country, there are a lot of rainforests. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. The West Sudanian savanna runs from the Atlantic Ocean to eastern Nigeria. & Omoigui, L. (2006). These zones are defined by the prevalent climatic conditions in the areas they occupy, with each being suitable for different economic activities. Food like maize, rice, groundnut, and millet are grown in this region thereby providing food for humans. This savanna is known for Its prolonged dry season that lasts up to seven months. It supports a large number of migrant bird species such as the Grey Heron, white-necked stork, Green Fruit Pigeon, etc. Forest areas are dominated by trees so whenever you are in an area where trees around, thats a forest. One of the defining characteristics of the Sahel Savanna in Nigeria is its low precipitation. Phosphorus was applied at rate of 0 or 20 kg P ha 1. The soil in this vegetation is very salty and extremely unsuitable for plant growth. In this blog post, we have discussed Nigerias major vegetation zone. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In Nigeria, the main economic activities in this zone include cattle and sheep rearing as well as come crop farming. Updates? It is difficult to imagine the Sudanese savanna without baobabs. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. This vegetation type is found in the middle of the country. How to send and receive money through PayPal in Nigeria: is it available? Five bird species are considered endemic, including two strict endemics, Reichenow's firefinch and Foxs weaver. The Sudan savanna is a savanna that consists of low grasses, scrubs, and quite several amazing short trees. The Peloton business model and How much Peloton instructors make? It forms a transitional zone between the arid Sahara (desert) to the north and the belt of humid savannas to the south. Then in the mid dry season, there is a smoke screen over the savanna. Climatic change is a further threat, exacerbating the impacts of human activities, as the ability of the ecosystem to recover from overuse is reduced when there is little rainfall. Trees with a height of 40-45 m form the first upper tier. The trees there are lower and are not so diverse. And this is responsible for the low vegetation in these areas. Savanna or Sudan climate is a transitional type of climate found between the equatorial forests & trade wind hot deserts. Later there was invasion from Egypt and, in 1899, the establishment of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. On the eastern side of the continent, ancient Egypts links with the Sudan region were generally strong, notably with Nubia. In this vegetation zone such plants as Ngibbi, Acacia raddiana, Leptadenia, and African myrrh are growing. Vegetation usually depends on the climate zones of the country. Vegetation belts in Nigeria reflect the tight link between the vegetation and the countrys climate: Below there is the map of Nigeria showing vegetation belts. In the Nigerian savanna and forests, various animals affect. Almost half of Nigerias territory is covered by this vegetation. The main characteristic of Sahel savanna is desert vegetation. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of rates of Phosphorus fertilizer and intra-row spacings on growth and yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the Sudan Savana zone of Nigeria, during 2018 cropping season at Mohammet Treatments and experimental design The treatments consisted of three seed rates at (3, 6, 9 kg ha-1), two sowing methods (broadcasting, dibbling) and three poultry manure rates at [0, 2.5, 5.0 t ha-1, NPK (90 kg N + 60 kg P 2O5 + Results of field experiments to measure the influence of shelterbelts on wind velocity, air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture and yield of millet in a semi-arid environ- ment are presented. Mangrove vegetation depends on the coastal location of the zone, constant influence of saltish sea water. Precipitation here is between 500-1000 mm per annum with a period of dryness lasting between 6-7 calendar months per year. It occupies most of the Niger Delta, between the lowland rainforests in the north and the mangrove swamps in Iguwhich. Between the rain forest and the Guinea Savanna is a modified vegetation transition consisting of light deciduous forest and derive d savanna (Figure 2.2). Farmers in the Nigeria savannas plant soybean between. The annual rainfall is as high as 1,000 mm in the south, but declines to the north with only 600 mm found on the border with the Sahelian Acacia Savanna. All of them produce ornamental and construction timber. vegetation-type known as derived savanna. the largest found in the rainforest is luxuriant. The black rhinoceros will be re-introduced in Chad after being extirpated from this ecoregion decades ago along with the northern white rhino. Rainy seasons decline correspondingly in length as one moves north, with Kano having an average rainy period of 120 to 130 days, and Katsina and Sokoto having rainy . This zone is characterized by moist grasslands, with precipitation ranging between 1000 and 1400 mm per year. Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria, Peter Obi Meets Tinubu? Dominant grasses include tall species of Hyparrhenia, Cymbopogon, Echinochloa, Sorghum, and Pennisetum. 3. Also, the wood from the trees in the savanna is used to build yam barns and fence the rural areas. Omissions? It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. Camels willingly eat young shoots of these bushes, while leaves are used in folk medicine. This type of vegetation is limited to the coastal strip of Nigeria. PAY ATTENTION: Click See First under the Following tab to see Legit.ng News on your Facebook News Feed! In fact, nature has blessed Nigeria immensely. Ancient Ghana was created by Jewish or Berber settlers about 300 ce in the area west of Timbuktu (Tombouctou) in modern Mali, though its greatest years came when it was ruled by the black Soninke (Sarakol) dynasty. Image credit: Charles J Sharp, Creative Commons. You can find the Sudan savanna in the Northwestern, Northeastern, and North Central states in Northern Nigeria. Both blocks of the ecoregion closely resemble the West Sudanian Savanna ecoregion in habitat and species composition. Threatened mammal species include large herds of elephant in Chad and Central African Republic, wild dog, cheetah, and lion. Sudan has five main vegetational belts in succession from north to south, more or less in coincidence with rainfall patterns. Dugje, I. Kamara, A. [5], https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudanian_savanna&oldid=1152607023, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 07:19. Protected areas A 2017 assessment found that 107,116 km, or 16%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. The following objectives were used, which are to: i. Analyze rainfall trend in the. Examples of plants you will see in this vegetation are Ngibbi, Leptadenia, Acacia raddiana, and African myrrh etc. Normally, there are periodic droughts and food shortages in the Sahel savanna due to a lack of adequate rainfall in the region. This vegetation type covers Nigerian states such as Kaduna state, Oyo state, Enugu state, Anambra state, Edo state,and Ondo state. Rafia gives fiber piassava, used for the manufacture of brushes. The main crops grown are sorghum and millet which are suited to the low levels of rainfall. The Sahel (/ s h l /; Arabic: sil, "coast, shore") is a region in Africa. Trees in these rainforests can grow as tall as 45 meters and make up the largest parts of forest reserves in the country. When classifying the trees in this area, some of them, like the drought-resistant kaya, Isoberlinia, and mitragina, stand above the grasses.

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