It is best known for its campaigns in World War II under the command of George S. Patton. On 7 March, to the surprise of both generals, an infantry platoon of the U.S. 9th Armored Division discovered a bridge still standing across the Rhine at Remagen. A white flag was hoisted. Third Army maintains a continued forward presence, conducts joint and coalition exercises throughout the region, provides humanitarian assistance when needed, develops close partnerships with responsible nations, assists in demining efforts, and provides support to other military service components. Some vicious fighting took place, but by April there was but one great natural barrier between Third Army and the heart of Germany. The SS had absconded, though, with the remaining bread. The third Army consisted of three corps (III, Maj. Gen. John L. Hines; IV, Maj. Gen. Charles Muir; and VII, Maj. Gen. William G. Hahn) and seven divisions. Police in Paris enforced an all-night curfew. The northern (left) boundary remained unchanged. They were to be mutually supporting crossings by General George S. Pattons U.S. Third Army and Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomerys British 21st Army Group, respectively. As the Red Army drove deeper into Poland in the winter of 1944-45, inmates from Auschwitz-Birkenau were transported to the camp. The architect of the German withdrawal was Field Marshal Walther Model, the Fhrers fireman, a veteran of the Eastern Front who had succeeded Kluge on August 17. The Ardennes Counteroffensive, commonly known as the Battle of the Bulge, was a massive military operation undertaken by Nazi Germany in southern Belgium and northern Luxembourg which lasted from 16 December 1944 until 25 January 1945. As Model drew the retreating Germans back across northern France at breakneck speed into Belgium, Resistance forces in Paris rose against what remained of the German garrison there on August 19. Units of the Canadian First Army, British Second Army, and the U.S. Ninth Army were to receive support from the First Allied Airborne Armys parachute drop on 24 March (Operation Varsity). Almost complete List of Corps and Division under 3rd Army at one time or another from 1944 to end of war. While Europe was embroiled in the First World War, the United States had its own share of troubles on the home front. The boat landed on the eastern bank unopposed, and the crossing recommenced at the new position with six LCVPs provided from Oppenheim. French civilian losses numbered more than 12,000. On the western front Patton was one of the first American leaders to understand the importance of armored warfare, a military strategy that would follow him through his military career. Portland, ME: Hastings, Max (2004). James Storey, of Newman, Ga., Pvt. Reinforcement gave them a clear superiority in tank and infantry divisions, while the Allied Expeditionary Force had the bombardment power to devastate the Germans in their path. Corps and Divisions of. Units that absorbed the initial German assault 16 Dec, Major General Matthew B. Ridgway[i] The southern (right) boundary was as has been previously mentioned. On August 16, the day after a Franco-American force had landed on the Riviera (Operation Dragoon), Hitler at last recognized the inevitable and gave permission for a withdrawal from Normandy. There were 345 housing units at an average density of 103.9 per square mile, of the occupied units 181 (62.6%) were owner-occupied and 108 (37.4%) were rented. Deployed to the Western Front in the summer of 1944, Third Army executed an impressive offensive drive across France, and during the Battle of the Bulge that winter elements of Third Army disengaged from an existing fight, pivoted northward, and relieved the besieged garrison at the . In 1947 the Sixth Armored Division Association was organized to perpetuate the memory of 1,274 fallen comrades, to assist in promoting an everlasting peace, and to serve as a medium of . In foreground is Cpl. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1960), 318. The four bridges available for crossing the river within the Coblenz bridgehead were the pontoon bridge and railroad bridge at Coblenz, the railroad bridges at Engers and Remagen. Oral History: Lieutenant Wilton Wenker and Lieutenant F. M. Elby. 504-528-1944, Jenny Craig Institute for the Study of War and Democracy, American Soldiers Uncover Medical Mass Murder at Hadamar, The Imperative to Witness: Memoirs by Survivors of Auschwitz, Best of WWII Public Programs: The Holocaust, Wannsee Conference: The Master Plan for the "Final Solution", Confronting the Histories of Vichy and European Fascism: An Interview with Robert O. Paxton. The deployment of the LCVPs and LCMs facilitated the massing of Allied forces on the Rhines eastern bank and enabled the rapid exploitation of the established bridgeheads. While it . The greatest shock he experienced was the confrontation with two rows of bodies stacked like cordwood, a phrase that would become, for better or worse, an expression almost ritually verbalized when discussing the Nazi camps. 1st Ind Div2nd Inf Div4th Inf Div5th Inf Div8th Inf Div26th Inf Div28th Inf Div29th Inf Div35th Inf Div42th Inf Div65th Inf Div69th Inf Div70th Inf Div71st Inf Div76th Inf Div79th Inf Div80th Inf Div83rd Inf Div86th Inf Div87th Inf Div89th Inf Div90th Inf Div94th Inf Div97th Inf Div99th Inf Div, 4th Armd Div5th Armd Div6th Armd Div7th Armd Div8th Armd Div9th Armd Div10th Armd Div11th Armd Div12th Armd Div13th Armd Div14th Armd Div16th Armd Div20th Armd Div, III CorpsV CorpsVIII CorpsXII CorpsXV CorpsXX Corps. Fox, of Wilmington, Del., and Cpl. During the month, motor transport parks were established; an Army motor show was held; the Army area was reorganized; and the centralization of military property was initiated in anticipation of returning it to the United States. With three divisions, the 1st, 2d, and 32d, the III Corps occupied the American sector of the Coblenz bridgehead, the movement of the troops into position beginning at the scheduled hour, 13 December. On 15 November 1918, Major General Dickman was given the mission to move quickly and by any means into Central Germany on occupation duties. The plan was vigorously opposed by the two ranking generals who would oversee the assault, who saw only a waste of men and material with little chance of success. The speeches were intended to motivate the inexperienced Third Army for its pending combat duty. "Last shots for Patton's Third Army". It was catastrophic, yet it was no real shock. The recently arrived Free French 2nd Armoured Division was ordered to liberate the city. The tanks and tank destroyers attached to the 28th Division were no match for the German Mark IV and V . When the United States entered the First World War, Patton found himself deployed along with the American Expeditionary Force under the command of General John Black Jack Pershing, whom Patton had served under in the Pancho Villa Expedition. Required fields are marked *. Originally planned to primarily isolate political opponents from German society, the Nazis deported some 10,000 Jews to Buchenwald after Kristallnachtin November 1938. Plans for the ambitious river crossing had begun almost six months previously. They left behind in Normandy some 50,000 dead and 200,000 taken prisoner. Eisenhower decided that several simultaneous crossings would have the greatest chance of success of sustaining the drive into the Ruhr in order to encircle a large part of the German Army in advance of the final drive toward Berlin. The Germans, however, launched Operation Wacht am Rhein, an unanticipated armored offensive in the Ardennes on 16 December 1944. It stretches from the Central Asian States to the Horn of Africa. While most of the nearly 12,000 inmates of Ohrdruf had been moved, many to the main camp, the hundreds of corpses found in various stages of decomposition testified to the true essence of Nazism. By July 25, with most of the German tanks drawn westward by the British Goodwood offensive, the Americans faced a front almost denuded of armour. Dave Weakleydwweakley@yahoo.comInd., Ky., Tenn., Ill., Wis.Deutschland Regiment 2nd SS 3rd Regiment Panzergrenadierhttp://www.deutschlandregiment.combarry.kemballcook@ubs.comTexas Based1st Battalion of the 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division.http://ablecompany502pir.org/index.htmlinfo@ablecompany502pir.orgTexas6th Cavalry Historical Associationhttp://www.6thcav.netTexas167th Volksgrenadier Divisionhttp://167thvolksgrenadierdivision.com/wordpress/Unit Commander : Thomas Pachalostpachalos@austin.rr.comTexasE Company 2 Battalion 505th PIR {Parachute Infantry Regiment}Unit CO Dave Weakleydwweakley@yahoo.comCo 1st SGT Brian Hartballs2n@yahoo.comUnit email iseco505thpir82ndab@yahoo.comInd., Ky., Tenn., Ill., Wis.Co.F, 36th Armored Infantry Regiment, 3rd Armored Division.Contact Alan jones atj53@att.netInd., Ky., Tenn., Ill., WisTroop B 6th Cavalry GroupTate Mowrey tate.mowrey@gmail.comTexas, General Patton and his Dodge Command Cars, Pattons Mobile Headquarters 3rd Army HQ in Europe, Pattons beloved English Bull Terrier Willie, Booking General Pattons History Comes Alive, General Pattons Lucky Forward Movie Props, Patton Hidden In Plain Sight : The Images Uncovered (Book), http://167thvolksgrenadierdivision.com/wordpress/. The Nazis chose the serene setting for one of the most infamous meetings in world history, where they discussed their plans for the Final Solution.. 462 likes, 0 comments - (@ww2_photos__) on Instagram: "The first elements of the 501st PIR entered the division . U.S. Third Army infantrymen board a LCVP to cross the Rhine, March 1945 (National Archives and Records Administration, Still Pictures Division, College Park, MD, Record Group 119A, SC 203352-A). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km 2), of which, 1.9 square miles (4.9 km 2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km 2) of it (6.83%) is water.. Patton Village is in southeastern Montgomery County, 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Conroe and about 32 miles (51 km) northeast . Pancho Villa, a Mexican revolutionary, was causing quite a disturbance on the southern border of the United States. Your email address will not be published. In one of the great moves of the war, Patton turned Third Army's axis of advance through ninety degrees and set it upon the south of the German forces. He was to disarm and disband German forces as ordered by General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Forces. Behind schedule, the Allied commanders understood that something had to give to push the German war machine east. The battle that ensued is known historically as the Battle of the Bulge. As Murrow related, hearing the appreciation for the president touched him so deeply, since, unbeknownst to the liberated, the president died that very day. January 9, 1919.". On the same day the 42d Division passes to the command of the IV Corps, which, in support of the III Corps, continued its march to occupy the Kreise of Mayen, Ahrweiler, Adenau, and Cochem. August 1, 1944 On August 1 of the year 1944, Lieutenant General George Patton took control of the United States' Third Army in France -- leading them through the famous liberty road march toward Germany. Kiniry recalled all the bodies, human beings totally bereft of life, piled in trenches or on carts. To this day, Patton is remembered as an exceptional General. Gus Widhelm of Scouting Eight. Its forces ended up in Czechoslovakia, the furthest east of any American units. The first ten LCVPs took to the water on the morning of 11 March at Bad Neuenahr, followed by the remainder over the next three days. On August 25, 1944, the 4 th Infantry Division, a lead element of Patton's Third Army, arrived at the outskirts of Paris. Like Strategy & Tactics, all feature articles are lavishly illustrated with maps, historic images and supplemental sidebars. (Right) Three members, of an American patrol, Sgt. Having established a foothold on the opposite bank, they then awaited reinforcement by the Navy. Bradley secured the four boat units of Task Group (TG) 122.5.1 The Navy contingent consisted of 24 LCVPs (landing craft, vehicle, personnel), 13 officers, and 205 men. Vicious fighting took place, but by April there was but one great natural the Rhine River. The Germans launched their last great offensive of the war the Battle of the Bulge. The inspection of this appalling site on April 12 by Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, and Patton has become an integral part of what Americans learn about liberation. The river assault began at 1800, when 5,500 artillery pieces bombarded the eastern bank of the Rhine. It had not cut the Caen-Bayeux highway or linked up with the Americans from Omaha Beach, but it had made an impressive start. George S. Patton as a lieutenant general. As the first waves of troops landed on the opposite bank unopposed, the Allies soon came under fire from German artillery fire and bombing attacks by the Luftwaffe. After a period of consolidation, Third Army was ready to go on the offensive again. Units that absorbed the initial German assault 16 Dec, Major General Troy H. Middleton A massive American spearhead now threatened to drive into Brittany and, by a left turn, to encircle the Germans in Normandy from the rear. The strength of the Third Army as of 19 December, the date the bridgehead occupation was completed, was 9,638 officers and 221,070 enlisted men. DANFS - Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Permitting Policy and Resource Management, The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: 20 Years Later, "Ex Scientia Tridens": The U.S. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., 1986. However, the bridgehead was won, and Third Army embarked on another great eastward dash. From the inmates, they pinpointed the scattered sites for execution and photographed the six ovens in the camps crematorium, with human remains still present. A collection of some of the most notable programs on the Holocaust at The National WWII Museum. In the early hours of 28 March, the 80th Infantry Division set out in Army assault boats and ran headlong into heavy German artillery fire. Third Army did not take part in the initial stages of Operation Overlord. In remembering Pearl Harbor, we remember who we are. Top Image: Stone carving spelling out Buchenwald. From the Collection of The National WWII Museum,Gift of Ronello Brown,2008.002.002. White bedsheets camouflage them in the snow. Meanwhile, the Army platoon raced across the bridge, securing it as a crossing point. Third Army troops had encountered no hostile act of any sort. They had done everything they could do to hinder the evacuation. In Buchenwalds infirmary, he learned that more than 200 had succumbed to illness or starvation the previous day. Worth 5 minutes of your time. Despite its heroic efforts, the remnants of the German Seventh Army and Fifth Panzer Armythe latter now led by one of Hitlers top tank commanders, Josef (Sepp) Dietrichsucceeded in breaking through between August 16 and 19. Until the buildup of American forces prior to its entry into World War II, Third Army remained largely a paper formation. As with the 9 th and 10 th armored divisions, the 7 th and 8 th were right where they needed to be to help halt the great German counteroffensive of December 1944. Though beaten across the Rhine by Pattons Third Army, Montgomerys meticulous operation shone in its flawless execution. See for Allied and German Orders of Battle: December 1944 & January 1945: (Tucker-Jones pp 263-287), Oberbefehlshaber WestGeneralfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt[a], Heeresgruppe B Home; Service. However, when it did take the field, its field of combat suited the style of its commander far more. Six more boats from Unit 2 supported the 89th Division at Oberwesel on 26 March. The capture of. Today we take a look at the location near Assenois where the seige of Bastogne was brokenBecome a Patreon of my channel: https://www.patreon.com/HistoryInYou. However, the 4th Armored Division, 10th Armored Division, 26th Infantry Division, and the 80th Infantry Division from General Patton's Third Army have moved against the southern flank of the German main advance. The original plans called for Lt. Gen. George Patton, Jr.'s newly formed Third Army to turn westward to clear the Brittany ports while Lt. Gen. Omar Bradley and British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery pushed the Germans eastward across the Seine. General Patton's repeated speech to various units of the US Third Army on the eve of Operation #Overlord (D-Day, Normandy 1944) The Holocaust in Ukraine represents the first phase of the Holocaust in which an estimated 1.5 million Jews were shot to death at close range in ravines, open fields, and forests. Early on the misty winter morning of Dec. 16, 1944, more than 200,000 German troops and nearly 1,000 tanks launched Adolf Hitler's last bid to reverse the ebb in his fortunes that had begun when Allied troops landed in France on D-Day. By early September 1944 all but a fraction of France had been liberated. About 4,000 were Jews and 850 of them children. The Third United States Army was first activated as a formation during the First World War on 7 November 1918, at Chaumont, France, when the General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces issued General Order 198 organizing the Third Army and announcing its headquarters staff. The LCVPs capably moved the entire divisions men, vehicles, and equipment within 48 hours. By January 1945, the remainder of the process of closing up to the Rhine could be completed. The crossing was suspended at 0330, just two hours after it had begun. The only route of escape lay through a gap between the converging American and British spearheads at Falaise. Here is a the Third Army summary of After Action in World War II and it was published in July of 1945. In order to maintain the element of surprise, there was no preparatory artillery fire. An admiring British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill stated, "This is undoubtedly the greatest American battle of the war and will, I believe, be regarded as an ever-famous American victory." I cant really describe it, to tell you how horrendous it was to see these people treated like animals. However, in return it inflicted many more casualties on the enemy. For those who had lived through 1940, the picture was all too familiar. On 1 July, General Pershing notified the War Department that upon Germany's compliance with military conditions imposed upon her (probably within three months after German ratification of the treaty), the American forces in Europe would be reduced to a single regiment of infantry supplemented by necessary auxiliaries. Boat Unit 2 sent several LCVPs to Boppard on 25 March to assist the 87th Infantry Division, moving 5,000 men and 400 vehicles in two days. In the southernmost sector of the 21st Army Group's attack, the 9th Army's assault divisions were to cross the Rhine along an 11 miles (18 km) . In the evening the bad weather returned. On 16 June, Marshal Foch notified General Pershing that allied armies must be ready after 20 June to resume offensive operations and that preliminary movements were to begin 17 June. On July 1, 1944, the 80th Infantry Division was sent to England for deployment to France. During his time with the expedition, Patton was given his first taste of combat and commanding troops in a fight. The Third United States Army is a military formation of the United States Army, which saw service in World War I and World War II, in the 1991 Gulf War, and in the Iraq War. The Ludendorff Bridge had yet to be destroyed as the last of the German army used it to retreat safely to the east bank. Installations were set up throughout the Army area to facilitate command. Allowing the French 2 nd Armored Division to take the lead in the liberation of their capital, the division moved into the city. The exploits of the Third Army would propel Patton into the history books and their feats would only be matched again decades later during the kinetic conflict of the first Gulf War. Wenker and Elby were, respectively, the commanding officer and executive officer ofBoat Unit 1, attached to the U.S. First Army during the Rhine crossing. The SS soon incarcerated Romaand Jehovahs Witnesses there. Carrying a Navy LCVP, a U.S. Third Army flatbed truck heads for the Rhine River, March 1945(National Archives and Records Administration, Still Pictures Division, College Park, MD, Record Group 119A, SC 204739-A). By 1944 the Germans, after two years of withdrawals in Russia, were expert at organizing retreats. In the adjacent woods, inmates now armed captured more than 70 SS men. The Third Army was south of the battle area, but with the go-ahead from General Eisenhower, Patton sent the 4th Armored Division, 80th Infantry Division and 26th Infantry Division north. "Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944-1945". Third Army was thus deactivated, and it remained so for the best part of a decade. Fuller's combined total of enemy losses is 1,443,888 enemy killed, wounded, or captured by the Third Army. The task unit assisted the crossing by running ferry services at designated points and building pontoon and treadway bridges. Look for more information regarding the history of General George S. Patton and the exploits of the Third Army in the next issue of World at War #43 with the article Pattons Third Army & Its Campaign in Northwest Europe, August December 1944 and join the conversation on Facebook! On 20 April 1919, Third Army command changed from Maj. Gen. Dickman to Lt. Gen. Hunter Liggett. The crossing of the Rhine by the front line divisions was effected in good time and without confusion. Third Army Historical SocietyA few of our friends who participate with us and we with themIf you want to be listed with us contact patton@pattonthirdarmy.com, The Third ArmyHeadquarters CommandNationalwww.pattonthirdarmy.compatton@pattonthirdarmy.com(Texas)The Third ArmyHeadquartersMidwest CommandUnit CO Lt.Col. On 22 May, the Third Army issued its plan of advance, effective 30 May, in view of the impending emergency. Having overcome the Rhine with the Navys assistance, the Army expressed its sincere gratitude. Still, the Normandy campaign had been a stunning success. Previously, in Saudi Arabia, its bases include The disintegration of the German defenses allowed Patton and his Third Army to launch their daring march east in a lightening sweep across Northern France. Analytical Services; Analytical Method Development and Validation With their contribution to Operation Plunderovercoming the final obstacle barring the wayinto Germany from the West, the Navy played a significant role in ending the war in Europe. Your courage and valor will always be remembered. This strategy provides the President with a wide range of options to deter aggression and coercion from a forward presence posture, and to decisively defeat any adversary if deterrence fails across the full spectrum of conflict.[8]. Bradleys decision to call on the bluejackets proved prudent when the Allied forces reached the Rhine in early March 1945 and found just about every span across the river already destroyed. Patton's armoured units were not operational until August 1, almost two months after D-Day, but by the end of the month, they had . The Third Army remained responsible for this aspect of U.S. Armed Forces operations until 1974, when a new major headquarters, that of Forces Command, or FORSCOM was activated to replace Third Army. Bedessem, Edward N. Central Europe: The U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. Later that day, its alignment became VIII Corps, US First Army, 12th Army Group. They discovered the block for medical experiments (vivisections on healthy individuals; use of phosphorus; research on typhus). Marshall. The 3rd Army captured in battle 956,000 of the enemy and killed or wounded over 500,000 others. Commanded by Major General Robert W. Grow, the Super Sixth, as it was nicknamed, had been in the field since mid-July 1944. rdAssigned to Patton's 3 Army, the 761st saw heavy combat as they moved across France and Germany. Units that absorbed the initial German assault 16 Dec, Major General Manton S. Eddy Three days later, he broadcast to audiences in the United States a description of what he encountered, a broadcast prefaced with strong warnings about the extreme content therein. They showed their expertise in the Seine River crossings. All that stood between the tanks of "Old Blood and Guts" and Germany were the remnants of several tattered German armies. A week earlier, on April 4, troops from the 89th Infantry Division, 4th Armored Division, and the 602nd Tank Destroyer Battalion overran Ohrdruf, a recently established subcamp of Buchenwald. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. Kirk was Commander, United States Naval Forces, France, in 1944 and 1945, and tells of the Navys part in the Rhine River crossing and of the capture of the Atlantic ports occupied by the German military. Units involved in the initial assault 16 Dec, General der Panzertruppen Hasso von Manteuffel[f], General der Panzertruppen Heinrich Freiherr von Lttwitz, General der Panzertruppen Erich Brandenberger, General der Kavallerie Edwin von Rothkirch, Major General Leonard T. Gerow On 27 May, Marshal Foch informed General John J. Pershing, Commander-in-Chief, AEF, that the Supreme War Council desired allied armies be made ready immediately to resume active operations against the Germans. Bookman, John T. and Stephen T. Powers. Though all bridges had been destroyed by Allied air attack, they improvised pontoons and ferries and conducted skillful rearguard actions to hold off the Anglo-American advance between August 19 and 31, when all survivors were rescued. Worth 5 minutes of your time. The attack on Pearl Harbor was decades in the making, but still came as a shock. The Germans did not notice the adjusted position for several hours and their hurried artillery attacks did not hit a single boat. In order to post comments, please make sure JavaScript and Cookies are enabled, and reload the page. The median age was 44.3 years. [citation needed]. The division had pushed into Thuringia, in east-central Germany, and seized Mhlhausen on April 4. On 18 January 1945, the alignment changed one last time, to XVIII Corps, US First Army, 12th Army Group as it is given in the following hierarchy. Following the end of the First World War Patton continued to press for innovation in armored warfare, and when the United States entered the Second World War in 1941, Patton was given the opportunity to exploit his expertise once again on the battlefield. The position was held by the recently arrived Polish 1st Armoured Division. A total of six Army Corps and 41 U.S. and Allied Divisions were . Once he entered Buchenwald, the former inmates crowded around him and praised President Franklin Roosevelt. General Omar N. Bradley, commander of the U.S. 12th Army Group, anticipated that as the Germans retreated, they would demolish all of the bridges in an attempt to deny the Allies an easy run at the Rhines eastern shores. This situation remained unresolved until the summer of 1921 when a separate peace treaty was signed. Morison, Samuel E. History of United States Naval Operations, Volume XI: The Invasion of France and Germany, 19441945. In late 1944, during the wake of the Allied forces' successful D-Day invasion of Normandy, France, it seemed as if the Second World War was all but over. Stories spread of the massacre of Soldiers and civilians at Malmedy and Stavelot, of paratroopers dropping behind the lines, and of English-speaking German soldiers, disguised as Americans, capturing critical bridges, cutting communications lines, and spreading rumors. General Patton's repeated speech to various units of the US Third Army on the eve of Operation #Overlord (D-Day, Normandy 1944) Even American civilians, who had thought final victory was near were sobered by the Nazi onslaught. Oral History: Lieutenant Wilton Wenker and Lieutenant F. M. Elby. Meanwhile, as the American encirclement eastward from Brittany developed, the British and Americans began a strong advance west of Caen toward Falaise. Soon after the naval craft hit the water, they poured over such a continual stream of troops, vehicles, and tank destroyers in the early crucial hours that the enemy artillery was silenced, and further ferrying and bridging was able to proceed without interference. A week before American units liberated their first concentration camp, the US 2nd Infantry Division uncovered one of the killing centers of the Nazi regime's so-called "euthanasia" program at Hadamar, Germany.

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