If, like @brinnb suggests, an additional reduction in $W_e$ could be expected due to adhered water say that the error in $W_e$ is $0.1$ g you already get to $\Delta X=0.17$ mol water per mol copper sulphate. To achieve this, a known mass of hydrated salt was heated, evaporating the water (essentially distillation). Kieran Sidebotham Students dehydrate copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate in a crucible or evaporation dish and use their data to determine the % composition and the number of water molecules per formula unit of copper (II) sulfate. The purpose of the flame test lab was to further study the process of electron excitation. So thats 4.81/18 = 0.267mol water, and Examine your moles of anhydrate and moles of water that you just calculated, divide each by the smaller mole amount. -Bunsen burner By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Any anhydrous compound from a hydrate generally has the following properties: Most hydrates are stable at room temperature. Send me a message, I'd love to hear from you! For each of the chemical compounds below, place a. The reason why this is a source of error is because as time passed between the measurements, the copper sulfate hydrate sample absorbed humidity (water) from the atmosphere and therefore increased its mass. Placed crucible on mesh pad using tongs (from this point, the crucible was handled solely with tongs until the experiment concluded), and allowed to cool to room temperature. xH2O(s)) Before heating Run 1 Run 2 Mass of crucible 27.29 g 27.51 g Mass of crucible + hydrate 28.56 g 30.00 g Mass of hydratea 1.27 Includes teacher instructions, sample calculations, and a key to the conclusion questions. Hydrate Lab. * Water Your feedback is much appreciated and help me improve my resource materials to benefit you as an educator. He weighs a clean and dry crucible with its cover and records a mass of 18.456 g. He then weighs the sample in the crucible and cover and obtains a mass of 19.566 g. He heats the sample, allows it to cool to room temperature and reweighs it to obtain a mass of 19.062 g. In the process, the samples color changed from red- burgundy to blue. You will find that most students will obtain the expected results pretty much dead on, and the students love the very low percent erro, Students get to discover the formula of a hydrate with real world experimental techniques in this lab! For a compound to be a true hydrate, it has to show all properties of true hydrates, including evolution of water upon heating, solubility of its anhydrous residue in water and reversibility in the color of the residue back to the color of the hydrate when dissolved in water. Fill half of the flask with distilled water, add the stopper for the flask, and lightly shake the flask, until the copper sulfate pentahydrate fully dissolved. Rounding out with new case study examples, this new edition gives engineers an im, This PowerPoint is intended to introduce high school students formulas of hydrates. Three different versions! If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? Once students have answered, they use the colo, Fully editable slide presentationHave you ever wondered why you get a lot of headaches, your muscle doesn't function as well and your immune system is low. This will result in the precipitation of . Chemistry Honors How to apply a texture to a bezier curve? left exposed for any length of time. Which are the best resorts for conference venues in Jim Corbett? |Score | Ms. Macielag's Thursday Lab Class (Honors), Building and Identifying All Organic Compounds, Lab Book: Setting Up Graphing Reference Sections, Naming and Writing Formulas (without Formula Mass). Use this picture to get the mass of the anhydrate (white powder). The mass of water evaporated is obtained by subtracting the mass of the anhydrous solid from the mass of the original hydrate (\ref{3}): \[m_{\ce{H2O}} = m_{\text{Hydrate}} - m_{\text{Anhydrous Solid}} \label{3}\]. Have you ever wondered why you get a lot of headaches, your muscle doesnt function as well and your immune system is low? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Answer the questions below. The actual value of moles of water per copper sulfate is 5 moles and the percent composition of water in copper sulfate pentahydrate is 36.1% Variables: Independent Variable: Mass of crucible, cover and hydrated sample in grams Dependent Variable: Mass of water evolved in grams Then use that information to write the formula of the hydrate. so with this last source of error you edited in (the 0.02 g) my estimate of $\Delta W_e=0.1$g actually seems quite realistic. The lab performed required the use of quantitative and analytical analysis along with limiting reagent analysis. Hydrate: A compound that contains the water molecule. The mass was reduced to 7.58 g. What is the formula of the hydrate? Record the mass and place the solute into a 50 mL volumetric flask. Test tubes Write the goal of the lab or the question you tried to answer. Safety: When heating a substance in a test tube, be sure the open end of the test tube points away from yourself. Bunsen Burner or Hot PlateComplete Lesson: PPT, Warm-up, Exit Ticket, Lab PaperStudents: drive off water of hydration calculate percent water use percent water and given elemental percentages to find formulaLab Contains: Student Lab Sheet Student Lab Make-up Sheet for Absent Students Student Lab Sheet with Answers in Italics Lab Quiz - Use as exit ticket, next day warm-up or quiz Lab Qui, This is a great lab to introduce or reinforce percent composition and empirical formulas. Problem #2: A hydrate of Na2CO3 has a mass of 4.31 g before heating. Students should know how to name ionic compounds (39-Naming Ionic Compounds) and how to convert from grams to moles (60-Mole Convers, Students learn about hydrates - the ionic compounds with water physically associated with them! dissolved is another. Use the information collected in lab found below to fill in the blanks for the gram amounts above: Use this picture to get the mass of the empty crucible and fill it in above. The equation for the decomposition of copper (II) sulfate is CuSO4 (aq) ==> SO2(g) + CuO(s). The experiment was about creating solutions of standard molarity and measuring concentrations. MathJax reference. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? Let the residue cool down (put the test tube in a beaker not on a plastic test tube rack) then try to dissolve in about 3 mL of water (about 1/3 of the small test tube), warming gently if necessary to dissolve the residue (dissolve only substances that have shown condensation). 3. Any time she touches the apparatus its under close supervision by myself. In this lab and unknown hydrate will be heated two separate times over a Bunsen burner to remove as much water from the substance as possible, before and after heating the crucible the masses will be calculated and recorded for future reference. In this part, pea-, sized samples (1-3g) were place separately in test tubes and heated for approxim, Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Molarity is calculated by diving the number of moles in the solute by the volume (in liters) of the complete solution. Chemicals: Copper (II) sulfate hydrateStudents will experimentally determine the percent composition of water in the copper (II) sulfate hydrate. - CLICK HERE **--------------------------------------------If you like what you see, check out the rest of my store and be sure, This hydrate lab activity is perfect for chemistry teachers without a lab room! 7H 2 O) is a heptahydrate of magnesium sulfate: within one mole of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate are seven moles of water. If a chemical reaction occurred, write a balanced equation for it. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. As a result the actual This means that the formula for hydrated copper sulfate is: The goal of this experiment is to determine the percentage of water (by mass) in a hydrate, and to calculate the ratio of salt to water in a hydrated salt. Great for practice or assessment in your chemistry or physical science classroom. 4 fun activities! February 29, 2016 So assuming that 26 degrees is not warm enough to cause partial loss of water of crystallisation, that suggests that at best my hydrate is only 98.36% pure, not 99.5 as it says on the bottle (typo corrected above). What are the qualities of an accurate map? Mass a dry watch glass Add a small scoop of blue hydrate Mass the watch glass and hydrate Heat the hydrate on hot plate until all blue is gone Allow watch glass to cool Mass the watch glass and anhydrate . The Homework includes all ionic compound possibilities: binary, ternary, multivalent cations, acids, and hydrates. ), Human error is always in effect, given that the laboratory does not function under ideal conditions. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Given that the mass of the hydrated salt is known, it is also given that the mass lost is equivalent to the mass of the water. The results for the heating, Title: Title of lab/experiment. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. At that time, the copper sulfate had turned a yellowish-white. For example, if a given amount of hydrated copper(II) sulfate gave off 0.060 mole of H 2 O and left behind 0.012 mole of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate, CuSO 4, then the ratio of H 2 O to CuSO 4 is 5:1, and the formula would be written as CuSO 4 5H 2 O. Introduction Our goal is to determine this value by comparing the moles of copper sulfate (anhydrate) to the moles of water. The focus of this lesson is defining hydrates, the lab procedure of dehydrating a hydrate, doing percent of hydration and percent error calculations and naming hydrates. Did you heat the dish before weighing it to find the tare? or iron(III) compounds, when exposed to air. After heating, the mass of the anhydrous compound is found to be 3.22 g. Determine the formula of the hydrate and then write out the name of the hydrate. (However, this is not likely to be the sole cause of the inaccuracies within this experiment, though it may contribute to it. This means, This lesson plan assists elementary students in understanding why it is important to drink plenty of water. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, The purpose of this experiment was to explore and evaluate the bonding properti, the percentage of water is various hydrates, (3) Determine if dehydrati, versible change, and (4) Determine the mathematical relat. Im teaching chemistry to a home-ed 15 year old. * Pipet Pre-made digital activities. Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. When dissolved in water, the anhydrous compound will have a color similar to that of the original hydrate even if it had changed color going from the hydrate to the anhydrous compound. Firstly to clarify a chemical change is defined as a change resulting. Paragraph #3: An error and how to fix it. heat loss to the surroundings if you using the simple 'insulated Measured mass of crucible with anhydrous copper sulfate: 37.3005g. 7H2O) Ratio (water to anhydrate): 7 to 1 3.) So now the final thing left to do is estimate how big $\Delta W_0$ and $\Delta W_e$ are. { "01:_Using_Excel_for_Graphical_Analysis_of_Data_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Densities_of_Solutions_and_Solids_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Paper_Chromatography-_Separation_and_Identification_of_Five_Metal_Cations_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Inorganic_Nomenclature_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Properties_of_Hydrates_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Types_of_Chemical_Reactions__(Experiment)" : "property get [Map 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MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "Hydrate", "authorname:smu", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbync" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FLaboratory_Experiments%2FWet_Lab_Experiments%2FGeneral_Chemistry_Labs%2FOnline_Chemistry_Lab_Manual%2FChem_11_Experiments%2F05%253A_Properties_of_Hydrates_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 6: Types of Chemical Reactions (Experiment), Formula of a Hydrate (\(\text{Anhydrous Solid}\ce{*}x\ce{H2O}\)), Part A: Reversibility of hydration (optional, by Instructor), Part B: Hygroscopic and Efflorescent Solids, Part D: Determination of the formula of a hydrate, Pre-laboratory Assignment: Properties of Hydrates, Part A: Reversibility of Hydration (Optional), Identification of hydrates in a group of compounds, Investigation of the properties of hydrates, Determination of the number moles of water of hydration in a hydrate. Sulphate. This lesson presumes a basic understanding of how to name and write the formulas for binary ionic compounds. For sulphate salts, all are soluble except Lead The mass was reduced to 7.58 g. What is the formula of the hydrate? A hot crucible looks like a cold one, avoid direct contact with the crucible, clay triangle and ring stand until you are sure they are cooled. Disposed of salt within the proper receptacle, cleaned crucible, and returned all equipment to its point of origin. : an American History (Eric Foner), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), The definition of a hydrate is a chemical that contai, ), hydrated ferrous sulfate, hydrated cobalt sulfate, sucrose, epson salt, 4 test tubes, test, Seidel's Guide to Physical examination (043), Educational Psychology and Development of Children Adolescents (D094), Language Arts Instruction and Intervention (C365), Health Assessment Of Individuals Across The Lifespan (NUR 3065L), Introduction To Project Management Software (CSBU539), PHIL ethics and social responsibility (PHIL 1404), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), A&p exam 3 - Study guide for exam 3, Dr. Cummings, Fall 2016, BMGT 364 Planning the SWOT Analysis of Silver Airways, Lesson 13 Paleoseismology Case Studies; Induced Seismicity, Skill Blood Admin - Active Learning Template, Philippine Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY. Is Brooke shields related to willow shields? The purpose of this lab was to have real life experience with using observations to determine whether or not a chemical or physical change had occurred. Materials: Crucible and lid (or use aluminum foil if you don't trust children to drop the lids), electronic balances, bunsen burners, tongs, strikers, clay triangles, ring stand and ring. Make sure that the tube is clamped near the bung as shown. 1. A larger effect is decomposing copper sulfate to copper oxide and sulfur trioxide. Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. Record the values as initial masses of containers and samples. . Place the crucible, hydrated copper sulfate, and lid on/in your clay triangle. Copper Sulfate's Water of Hydration Lab: Enrichment Activity. Answer: This is probably a small effect. Paragraph #2: What did you learn? Weigh the crucible with its cover to the nearest 0.001 g. Making sure to handle the crucible and its cover with clean tongs, add about 1 g (weighed to the nearest 0.001 g) of the unknown hydrate. Coloring pages - Water facts, how it helps the brain, how it helps the body, ideas on drinking more water. AB1 Ive now heated the dish over a hot blue natural gas flame for ten minutes. Is this a true hydrate? Measured mass of crucible again: 36.1571g, Measured mass of (hydrous) copper sulfate: 2.1614g, Measured mass of crucible with (hydrous) copper sulfate: 38.3189g, Heated crucible with hydrated copper sulfate for 3 minutes, before increasing heat, and heating it for 5 more minutes. Period: 5 What is "water of hydration" and how does it affect me (you)? Use caution when heating the crucible and cover. In the Hydrate lab at first, a sample of approximately 0.1000 grams of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate was heated for the purpose to cause a chemical reaction that would remove all of the water molecules in order to determine the number of moles of water in the inorganic Record the appearance of the hydrate before it is heated. I could perhaps have not heated the hydrate enough, and not driven off all the water but then Id have less than 5, not more, waters per mol. (3 points) Also, suggest some reasons why your number might be off from the true number. Hence 0.267/0.0515 = 5.18mol water per mol copper sulphate. Another possibility would be to get more accurate equipment, to replicate the experiment within a dehumidified environment, and/or perform the experiment using a larger crucible (to reduce the possibility that spatter from the hydrated salt could leave the crucible). What did your group get as the formula of the hydrate? The salt is magnesium sulfate - MgSO 4 and, the same as Copper sulfate, it exists as a hydrate, but in this case we will find the amount of water surrounding the compound. Each worksheet has a full preview available. Even though it was close, the molarities of the five solutions were not exactly the ones that should have been used to carry out the lab. In this lab, a SpectroVis was used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance. Iron (III) chloride. Water adheres to the dish when the dish is at room temperature. NomenclaturePossible Uses- Worksheet- Activity- Homework- Classwork- Test Review- Quiz ReviewFeedbackHave questions or feedback? Chemical Changes VS Physical Changes Solutions: Nitric Acid (6M) TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. Mathematics was used to explore wate, servation of mass and the reversibility properties in question. This is appropriate for all levels of chemistry. Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. which works out to: Solutions were made up of two parts, the solute and the solvent. Lab reports are due week of September 29 October 3, 2014. Download the preview file to get a look! Source: Royal Society of Chemistry. Determining which hydrate of calcium chloride I have? That is how I taught it during my first years of teaching, and even though I have a lab room now, I still love and use this activity! * Iodine * Vinegar * Salt Error results and analysi, The first procedure (Part 1) used heat to dehydrate the 4 hydrates and sucrose. Heat the blue copper(II) sulfate until it has turned . Percent error **hint set up the table with percent composition for water** Percent error = actual % experimental % X 100 = ____ % actual %. sulphate, calcium sulphate and lead sulphate. What are the sources of errors in the experiment of determine of enthalpy change of hydration of copper ii sulphate six? B. Percent error = |Actual - Theoreticall * 100 Theoretical 2. Is it safe to publish research papers in cooperation with Russian academics? In this section you will observe the changes in the physical properties of compounds, including wetness, color, structure, texture and mass. Your values correspond to a #38.169%# water percent composition for copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. Hypothesis: If dyed lichen is exposed to certain chemicals, than color will color the solution. The composition of the complex formed when hydrated copper (II) sulfate is reacted with oxine is Cu (C 9 H 6 ON) 2 with 351.85g/mole formula weight. Still working on that - I'm going to leave a sample fresh from the bottle in a warm cupboard overnight tonight, and see if it gets any lighter. When you get this mass remember it includes the mass of the crucible so you need to subtract the mass of the crucible from the total mass. Download Free PDF View PDF 2. Explain. * Alka-Seltzer tablet The formula of a hydrate can be determined by dehydrating a known mass of the hydrate, then comparing the masses of the original hydrate and the resulting anhydrous solid. Do you have pictures of Gracie Thompson from the movie Gracie's choice. First, it is so easy to set upnot much prep at all. Copper/Iron Stoichiometry Grace Timler AB1 October 3, 2017 Abstract The techniques used in this lab are quantitative transfer and vacuum filtration with the reaction of 8.001 grams of copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4, and 2.0153 grams of iron powder, Fe. Follow the directions below to complete the lab. If the correct formula of copper sulfate is CuSO4.5H20, determine your percent error. Return the evaporating dish with the hydrate to the wire gauze. From the masses of the water and anhydrous solid and the molar mass of the anhydrous solid (the formula of the anhydrous solid will be provided), the number of moles of water and moles of the anhydrous solid are calculated as shown below (\ref{4}, \ref{5}): \[n_{\ce{H2O}} = \frac{m_{\ce{H2O}}}{MM_{\ce{H2O}}} \label{4}\], \[n_{\text{Anhydrous Solid}} = \frac{m_{\text{Anhydrous Solid}}}{MM_{\text{Anhydrous Solid}}} \label{5}\]. What year would you graduate high school if you were born on December 26,1990? A 'chemical' source of error is that the The lab has an introduction to help students understand why they are doing the lab. The actual percent is ____. Wt before: 13.030.9836 = 12.82g hydrate Question: Name Formula of Hydrates Lab Report Data and Calculations: Copper (II) sulfate hydrate Trial 1 Trial 2 19.244 20.546 24.504 27.689 Mass of crucible and cover (6) Mass of crucible, cover, sample before heating is) Mass crucible, cover, sample after heating (8) Mass of hydrate() 22.606 25.111 Mass of anhydrous solide Mass of water driven off (e) Moles of water You can check for this by looking for the telltale brown/black color of copper oxide. with an unknown hydrate to determine the mass percent of water lost and solve for the formula and name of the unknown hydrate. Solids: Nickel (II) chloride, Cobalt (II) chloride, Sucrose, Calcium Carbonate, Barium chloride, Sodium tetraborate, Potassium chloride, Sodium sulfate hydrate, Iron (III) chloride, Potassium aluminum sulfate, Calcium chloride, Copper sulfate, Unknown. All rights reserved. Why purchase my version of this lab?

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